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Unit 1: Life Science - Coggle Diagram
Unit 1: Life Science
1. Features of Organisms
Organisms are made of one or more cells
They grow and develop
They reproduce (sexually or asexually)
They require energy
They respond to stimuli
They maintain homeostasis
They contain genetic material (DNA or RNA)
2. Classification Systems
Purpose: Group organisms by shared characteristics
Modern classification is based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny)
Hierarchy of classification:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Three Domains:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Binomial nomenclature:
Genus + species
4. Metabolism
Metabolism = all chemical processes in living organisms
Anabolism
Builds molecules
Examples: photosynthesis, protein synthesis
Catabolism
Breaks down molecules
Examples: respiration, digestion
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
ATP is the main energy molecule
3. Cell Structure & Organisation
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
No nucleus
Simpler structure
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus
Have membrane-bound organelles
Major Organelles
Nucleus — contains DNA
Mitochondria — produces energy
Ribosomes — protein synthesis
Smooth/Rough ER — transport & processing
Golgi apparatus — packages proteins
Cell membrane — regulates entry/exit of substances
Cell wall (plants) — structure & support
Chloroplasts (plants) — photosynthesis