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ENGLISH 45C : - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Urbanization in the Metropolis (London, New York, etc.)
        
        THE CROWD: Emerges as a character in the 19th century; artist becomes the "Painter of modern life"
        
        "Man of the Crowd" by Edgar Allan Poe (1840)
        
        Classifies the crowd through categories
        
        Characters are on the margins of society: Remote from the common herd; emotional hermits and distance with the analytical perspective
        
        Seems very ego-centric in the beginning since the man is introduced later on
        
        Detective Fiction & Categorization:
        
        Posses power of knowledge more than the narrator and what they have
        
        Decoding mysterious symbols and hieroglyphs
        
        Evidential Paradigm
        
        Clothes were somehow distinguished even if one tried to hide something
        
        HIGH vs. LOW
        
        The Bowler Hat: Characters are indeed lower class, but it is associated with the middle-upper, white collared culture
        
        "Mrs. Dalloway" by Virginia Woolf
        
        Pg. 84: Differentiation social characterization and is undermined
        
        Categorization makes it uncertain of change
        
        EAP: "Within the strong glare of a lamp, I perceived that his linen, although dirty, was of beautiful texture..." (512)
        
        HM: "He lives then, on ginger-nuts, thought I; never eats dinner, properly speaking; he must be a vegetarian then; but no..." (9)
        
        The Observer vs. The Character: The character and observer want to be a "throng of life"
        
        "Bartleby the Scrivener" by Herman Melville (1853)
        
        Starts as an enigma and as an observer observing another character
        
        Begins in a place of complacency vs. a later time of "fraternal melancholiness"
        
        Blockage to order / disrupting possibility of an EXPECTED ending
        
        The Boy (Godot): "Yes, sir" "No, sir"
        
        Bartleby: "I would prefer not to"
        
        Lack of information and detail adds stress to audience and expectations to the typical story
        
        "The Weary Blues" by Langston Hughes (1925)
        
        "I" observing "he" (the blues player)
        
        The speaker could be taking the lyrics too literally; a typical white, racial, New York tourist
        
        Interested in mobilizing "I" to create a collective voice and to invoke solidaristic feeling
        
        LYRICISM & MUSICAL QUALITY
      - RACISM
        
        The Sound and the Fury" by William Faulkner (1929)
        
        Southern Gothic: the idyllic vision of the pastoral, agrarian South rests on massive repressions of the region's historical realities: slavery, racism, and patriarchy.
        
        Jason: Very racist, anti-semetic, and anti-feminine
        
        The Great Depression and the Stockmarket crash of 1929
        
        Labor unions were a powerful political force
        
        Prominent members of the Harlem Renaissance, including Langston Hughes - vocal about how racial discrimination was enforced and bound up with economic disenfranchisement
        
        "Let America Be America Again" (1936)
        
        Hurston & Boas: Scientific Racism / "Cultural Relativism"*
      - GEOGRAPHICAL DIVSION
        
        American: Hurston, Poe, Melville, James, Pound, Eliot, H.D., Williams, Hughes
        
        European: Beckett, Joyce, James, Woolf, Yeats
        African: Achebe
        
        "The Dead" by James Joyce
        
        Reconstruction of Dublin central to his literary project: we can reconstruct the city
        
        Ireland becomes a colony of Great Britain; supportive of the struggle for sovereignty and skeptical of the "Celtic Revival"
        
        "And what are galoshes, Gabriel?" (4) - Gabriel's relationship with Dublin vs. Miss Iver's relationship with Britain - West Britainism taken as an offense
        
        Joyce's Relationship to Dublin vs. Ireland
        
        "Waiting for Godot"
        
        Integrates Irish idiom / vernacular to Vladimir's character
        
        Undergoes a self-imposed linguistic exile after the war (stops writing in English, moves to French)
      - CLASS DYNAMICS
        
        The Marriage Plot = Class Conflict Plot: Means of women gaining independence and stability; ends in a social closure of marriage
        
        Economic Deterioration / Division
      - FEMININE STRUGGLE
        
        "Sea Rose" by H.D. (1916)
        
        Recasting the feminine, beautiful rose as darker and harsher
        
        Flower devotes female subject and is feminine - we have this wild rose that is not treated gently
        
        What is the value of this thing and how does it challenge descriptions?
        
        Femininity is not perfect or polished
        
        Draws a great deal on national imagery: tension between the sea and the land within Greek mythology**
        
        "Mrs. Dalloway" by Virginia Woolf
        
        Clarissa not being Clarissa, but becoming "Mrs. Dalloway"
        
        Being a hostess is what she is good at
        
        "Their Eyes Were Watching God" by ZNH
        A general statement about women (they forget what they don't want to remember, and remember everything they don't want to forget
        
        Janie Crawford; Janie Killicks; Janie Starks
        
        INVISIBILITY & HYBRID IDENTITIES - Influenced by the male / husband
        
        AESTHETICS vs. POLITICS
        
        Dilsey (TS&TF)
        
        Coordinates the meals in the kitchen; makes life and comes to life from the opening scene
        
        1) Keeps Dilsey at a distance and 2) Faulkner doesn't presume intimacy in her character
        
        First Intro: Emphasis on her flesh and oil
- - - - POST-WAR SHELL SHOCK
        
        Septimus: Septimus filled with misanthropy and numbness
        
        "Psychopathia sexualis"
    - - Jason: Most tethered to the present, but also obsessed with the past
        
        His response to the past is ANGER - a threat to his cultural position
        
        The Watch being destroyed
- - - - H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) (1886-1961)
        
        Very influenced by Greek mythology and classic Greek literature
        
        "An erotic dimension of repressed yet explosive sexuality that is non-referential in nature."
        
        "Oread" by H.D. (1914)
        
        Greens and Blues: Oread addressing the sea
        
        Juxtaposition between water which eventually becomes erect
        
        Speaker's voice is enigmatic
        
        Animysticsm: The trees, roses, and the ocean seem to be possessed
      - "Spring and All" by William Carlos Williams (1924)
        
        CAMERA ADJUSTMENT: Starts off as a very blurry image, then you adjust the "lens of consciousness"
        
        Things become more individuated and detailed
      - "Instance of Time"
  - - - Sigmund Freud and the Psychosexual Child
        
        Quint as an embodiment of what the reader is supposed to find inadmissible
        
        The desire to participate with perverse pleasure rather than paranoid disavowal in the queer erotics of children
      - "To what extent can our knowledge of reality be separated from the psychology of the person we rely on for a faithful description?" (David Bromwich)
        
        Are the entities of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel real?
        
        "For reasons that are purely ideological, the gothic child has become a fascinating, if somewhat arbitrary, figure for erotic ambiguity itself..." (Ellis Hanson, Screwing with Children in Henry James
        
        Miles and Flora have become "a literary milestone" = A gothic conundrum
  - - - "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe (1958)
        
        Assumes that culture is one of the fronts of imperialism: overturning imperial domination entails creating alternate literary and cultural representations
        
        What does it mean to write in English as an African writer?
        
        Why write in English as a postcolonial writer?
        
        Repetition as a reminder to readers where they have been
        
        Legend, Myth, and Folktale of the culture**
        
        Parataxis / Imagist: presentation of ideas one after the other without context
        
        Flatness in the structure means no hierarchy of meaning established
        
        Argues that oral and literature cultures have their own distinct patterns of thought and communication
        
        The novel seen as a literate rather than oral genre (development enabled by the invention of the printing press)
        
        TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
    - - Zora Neale Hurston as a folklorist: Resisting the "mold of standardization"
        
        Key Difference: "The Black Belt" an "iconic" space that one imagines when trying to examine black life (Florida)
        
        ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXPERTISE
        
        DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS (DuBois): Seeing the self how others see you; Janie as a misfit in her own community
        
        "Their Eyes Were Watching God"
        
        Innovation in the Vernacular Language: Celebration of the phonic trace, the Black Floridians themselves - "Tuh uh..." (40-41)
        
        A democratic process / narrating a failed, communal space of exchange because of gender dynamics enforced by Joe
        
        A CROSS SECTION of the South: paying attention to the different layers and "ingredients" of Florida / Southern States
      - A manifesto to the Harlem Renaissance
        
        Art transcending racial boundaries
        
        Arguing against what he sees as an under-recognized problem in the Black community itself
        
        Wonder if the desire to just be a poet could also be an assertion of not wanting to be pigeon-holed as a niche writer, or one solely defined by her racial identity
        
        "The Dead" - Politics and Art
        
        Gabriel chafing at Miss Ivor's insistence to write about English writers from the position of an Irishman
        
        His book reviews do not have to be political
        
        Hughes arguing AGAINST the idea that art can be divorced from politics
        
        "Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain" by Langston Hughes (1926)
        
        "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" by Langston Hughes (1921)
        
        Constant assertion of the self
        
        Talks about other places in the context of African diaspora
        
        LYRICISM & MUSICAL QUALITY