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Chapter 13, 14 and 15 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 13, 14 and 15
Chapter 14: Quantitative Analysis:
Descriptive Statistic
Descriptive Analysis:
Statically describing, aggregating and presenting the constructs of interests or associations between these constructs
Inferential Analysis:
refers to the statistical testing of hypothesis (theory testing)
Data Preparation
Data Coding
Process of converting data into numeric format
Codebook:
comprehensive document containing a detailed description of each variable in a research study, items or measure for that variable, the format of each item, the response scale for each item and how to code each value into numeric format
Data Entry:
coded data can be entered into a spread sheet or data base
Missing Values:
Inevitable part of any empirical dataset
respondents might not answer every part of the questions
Data Transformation
Transform data values before they can be meaningfully interpreted
Univariate Analysis
Analysis of a single variable
Frequency Distribution
summary of the frequency of individual
values or ranges of values for that variable
Central Tendency
estimate of the center of distribution values
Bivariate Analysis
How two variables are
related to one another
Bivariate Correlation
determining the strength of the correlation
Chapter 15:
Inferential Statistic
Statistical procedures that are often used to reach conclusions about associations between variables
Basic Concepts
Never truly accept hypothesis because the presense of evidence does not mean that we will not observe contrary evidence later
Dependent variables may be influenced by an infinite number of extraneous variables
Significance level
Maximum level of risk that we are willing to accept as a price of our interference from the sample of the population
Sampling Distribution
Theotrical distribution of an infinite number of samples form the population
Standard Error
every population has some inherent error
Confidence Error
precision of our sample estimates
General Linear Model
Statistical procedures in social science research are derived from a general family of statistical models
Two-Group Comparison
comparing the pottest outcomes of treatment and control group subjects in a randomized post-test only control group designs
Other quantitative Analysis
Factor Analysis
Data reduction technique that is used to statistically aggregate a large number of observed measures into a smaller set of unobsereved variables called factors based on thier underlying bivariate correlation patterns
Discriminant Analysis
Classificatory technique that aims to place a given observation in on of several nominal categories based on a linear combination of predictor variables
Logistic Regression
A GLM in which the outcome variable is binary and presumed to follow a logistic distribution
Probit Regression
A GLM in which the outcome variable can vary between 0 and 1—or can assume discrete values 0 and 1—and is presumed to follow a standard normal distribution, and the goal of the regression is to predict the probability of each outcome.
Path Analysis
multivariate GLM technique for analysing directional relationships among a set of variables.
Time Series Analysis
technique for analysing time series data, or variables that continually changes with time
Chapter 13: Qualitative Analysis
Qualitatitve analysis is the analysis of qualitative data such as text data from interview transcripts
Grounded Theory
an inductive technique of interpreting
recorded data about a social phenomenon
to build theories about that phenomenon
Open coding
A process aimed at identifying concepts or key ideas that are hidden within textual data
Categories
broad and generalizable and ultimately evolve in constructs
Axial Coding
Categories and subcategories are assembled into causal relationships of hypothesis that can tentatively explain the phenomenon of interest
Selective Coding
involves identifying a central category or a core variable, and systematically and logically relaiting this central category to other categories
Concept Mapping
A graphical representation of concepts and relationships between those concepts
Content Analysis
systematic analysis of the content of text in a qualitative or quantitative matter
Sentiment Analysis
A technique used to capture people's opinions or attitude towards an object, person or phenomenon
Several limitations
-Coding process of restricted to the information available in text form
sampling must be done carefully to avoid sampling bias
Hermeneutic Analysis
special type of content analysis where the researcher tries to interpret the subjective meaning of a given text within its sociohistoric context