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Heat Transfer and Change of Phase - Coggle Diagram
Heat Transfer and Change of Phase
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Conduction
Heat transfer through direct contact
Faster in solids
Convection
Heat transfer through moving fluids (liquids & gases)
Warm fluid rises, cool fluid sinks
Radiation
Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
No medium needed (can travel through space)
Newton’s Law of Cooling
Rate of cooling depends on temperature difference
Bigger difference → faster cooling
Climate Change & the Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere
Increases global temperature
Examples: CO₂, methane, water vapor
Heat Transfer and Phase Change
Heat added or removed can change the state of matter
During a phase change, temperature stays constant
Energy is used to break or form molecular bonds
Boiling
Liquid → gas
Happens when vapor pressure = external pressure
Requires heat (latent heat of vaporization)
Melting & Freezing
Melting: Solid → liquid
Freezing: Liquid → solid
Occur at the same temperature for a substance
Requires heat (latent heat of fusion)
Energy and Change of Phase
Energy is needed to change phase (heat without temperature change)
Fusion: Melting or freezing
Vaporization: Boiling or condensation
Sublimation: Solid → gas