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Statistical Analysis of a Variable - Coggle Diagram
Statistical Analysis of a Variable
Statistical tables and graphs
Statistical tables
📌 Set of data organized in rows and columns
📌 Makes it easier to compare and interpret information
📌 Clear and orderly summary of data
Statistical graphs
📌 They represent data in a visual and understandable way
📌 They allow you to observe the behavior of variables
📌 They are based on information from tables
Purpose
✔ Visualize complex data clearly
✔ Easily compare variables and trends
✔ Adaptable for any audience
Types of statistical graphs
Pictograms
They represent data using images or symbols.
Proportional to frequency
Types
▪Image repetition
▪Image size variation
Bar graph
Use vertical or horizontal bars.
Compare quantities between categories.
Quick visual conclusion → higher or lower value.
Circular graph
Represents parts if a whole (100%).
Sectors = percentage of each category.
Useful for determining which category dominates or relative participation
Line graph
Shows changes in a variable over time.
X-axis = time | Y-axis = Variable (temperature, cost, etc.)
Used to analyze trends and increases/decreases.
Position measures
📌 Divide the data into equal parts
📌Require data sorted from lowest to highest
✔ They are used to locate the relative position of a piece of data
Dispersion measures
📌 They measure the variability of the data with respect to its mean.
📌 They complement the measures of central tendency
➡ Greater dispersion = more separated data
➡ Less dispersion = more concentrated data
Shape and concentration measurements
Shape measurements
They analyze the distribution of the data
Fisher asymmetry
Symmetrical → balance on both sides
Right or left asymmetry → values weighted toward one side
Kurtosis
Leptocurtic→ very pointed
Mesocutic → normal
Platicurtic → flattened
Concentration measurements
📌 They study how a total is distributed among individuals
📌 Useful for economic and social variables: income, rent, population, sales, production, etc.
📍 Based on the Lorenz Curve (1905)
➡ If percentages are similar → equitable distribution
➡ If percentages are unequal → high concentration in a few