Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Osteosarcoma - Coggle Diagram
Osteosarcoma
Diagnosis
X-ray (initial)
MRI (local extension)
CT chest (lung metastasis)
Bone scan
Biopsy (gold standard)
Etiology / Risk Factors
Genetic mutations (RB1, TP53)
Paget disease of bone
Previous radiation exposure
Rapid bone growth in adolescence
Familial cancer syndromes (Li-Fraumeni, retinoblastoma)
Pathogenesis
Osteoblast malignant transformation → uncontrolled proliferation
Production of immature osteoid matrix
Destruction of surrounding bone
Invasion into soft tissue and metastasis (hematogenous)
Common metastasis site: lungs
Clinical Features
Localized bone pain (worse at night)
Swelling or palpable mass
Reduced range of motion
Pathological fractures
Limping if lower limb involved
Complications
Lung metastasis
Recurrence
Pathological fractures
Chemotherapy toxicity
Definition
Malignant primary bone tumor
Originates from osteoblasts
Produces malignant osteoid
Management
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Limb-salvage surgery or amputation
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Sites Commonly Affected
Metaphysis of long bones
Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Proximal humerus