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full-scale D-load test - Coggle Diagram
full-scale D-load test
spray-on cementitious
I. D. Moore and D. B. García
2015
Ultimate strength testing of two deteriorated metal culverts repaired with spray-on cementitious liners
abstract
cracks liner thickness composite behavior
ulitmate load
tandem axle
1200mm cover
introduction
lots of rehab methods
new rehab spray-on liner
no rationa desgin
desgin methods which have been proposed
but need testing to establish confidence
objectives
1
observe ULS
is it controlled by cracking
2
obtain measurements to permit quantitative evaluation of design models
García, D. B., & Moore, I. D.
(2015).
Performance of deteriorated corrugated steel culverts rehabilitated with sprayed-on cementitious liners subjected to surface loads. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 47, 222-232.
abstract
service load
#
before rehab
two 1200mm csp with similar corrosion
cover depth 1200 mm
single-axle CSA
after rehab
single axle
tandem axle
1200mm cover
2100mm cover
obtain
diameter change
cuvature
strain
results
rehabed pipe like semi-rigid
introduction
crisis background
segmental lining
spiral lining
CIPP
fold and reform
spray-on lining
Matthews 2012 developd flowchart to select rehab method for CSP
CSP
flexible
abrasion corrosion perforation
papers on wall loss
rehab method
spray-on
hydraulic repair
structural strength
liner thickness decide strength
papers on rehab
CIPP: EI-Sawy 1997
slip liners: Simpson 2013
ASTM F1216
However, none of the current North American Standards and no research studies have performed to examine the performance and behavior of this rehab method
Moore, I.
(2019)
.
Design of sprayed cementitious liners within corrugated steel pipes. In Pipelines 2019 (pp. 485-492). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
J. Tetreault, N. A. Hoult and I. D. Moore
2018
Pre- and post-rehabilitation behaviour of a deteriorated
horizontal ellipse culvert
Introduction
circular pipe
Regier 2016 first ellipse
invert corrosion papers
the corrosion may not impact performance of culverts
Mai, V. T., Hoult, N. A., & Moore, I. D. (2014).
Effect of deterioration on the performance of corrugated steel culverts. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140(2), 04013007.
#
test
CSP1 severe corrosion poor side fill
CSP2 light corrosion good side fill
0.9 m cover
0.6 m cover
shallow cover increase force and moment
single axle vs single wheel pad
Regier's Thesis
Regier, C., Hoult, N. A., & Moore, I. D. (2017). Laboratory study on the behavior of a horizontal-ellipse culvert during service and ultimate load testing. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 22(3), 04016131
abstract
response of pipe is affected by cover depth
0.9 m
1 more item...
0.45
1 more item...
ellipse pipe provides intact data
#
Regier, C., Moore, I. D., & Hoult, N. A. (2018). Remaining strength of deteriorated corrugated steel culverts. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 9(2), 04018002.
abstract
backfill compaction controls behavior of CSP than corrosion
as failure was unrelated to corrosion
conclusion
high density soil over crown led to lower live load bending moment across the top half of the culvert
current design consider wrong failure mode for new pipes at shallow cover which is in fact limited by local bending
failure mode for corroded pipe
local buckling in the area of corrosion perforation
1 more item...
local bending across the top of the culvert
1 more item...
test
diameter 0.9
soil cover
0.45m
0.9m
invert paving
effective way to repair corroded pipe
US DOT
ODOT
specify width of the invert to be paved
useful for Test 1 VS Test 2
structural or nonstructural
to the authors' knowledge no research has been conducted to understand the effect of the paved invert on the behaviour of culverts
the investiagtion involves testing, what load, what repair method
continues the line of research of ...
the objectives are to
useful for writting
impact of corrosion under service load
impact of paved technique under service load
Abstract
axial strain reduction 23%
service load
intact vs deterioated
deflection
similar
as it is flexable pipe, soil modulus controls
Moore 2001
Buried pipes and culverts in Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering handbook
#
average strains
invert similar
thrust at invert doesnot affected by corrosion
curvatures
crown shoulder differece
soil compaction difference for a shallow cover
deteriorated vs rehab
deflection
rehab has stiffer stiffness
I think it is not a flexable pipe after rehab
average strains
curvatures
though it is only repaired at invert the whole curvature around pipe is reduced
maybe worth proving using abaqus
from why deflection of flexable pipe is controlled by soil modulus to bottom pipe stiffness variation change curvature of the whole pipe
strain in concrete
ultimate
CIPP
#
Cichocki, R., & Moore, I. D. (
2019
).
Experimental Investigation of a Steel Ellipse Rehabilitated with Reinforced and Non-Reinforced CIPP. Paper MM-T4-03, Calgary, AB, October.
abstract
address limitation of F1216
limition of 10% ovality
not explicitly consider CSP
ellipse CSP 1.6mx1.3m
cover upto 1.2m
single axle
Load CSA 182kN (service load)
3 CSPs
non-rehab
woven felt CIPP
fibre glass reinforced CIPP
introduction
corrosion abrasion erosion
Abdel-Sayed 2015
CSP
Liu, Y., Hoult, N. A., & Moore, I. D.
(2020).
Structural performance of in-service corrugated steel culvert under vehicle loading. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 25(3), 04019142.
Test
half CSP on concrete foot
with a raduis of 1.5m
soil cover 0.6m
the road and pipe is 45 degree
abstract
in service CSP
peak thrust is not in springline as suggested by North American design code
flexual stress and hoop stress similar level, which is contrary to many desgin codes
Dynamic load results higher thrust and lower moment than static
Pavement not affect thrust but reduce moment
introduction
crisis
pipes are assessed by virsual inspection
no rational method to determine remaining capacity
need to use quantitative
measurement approaches along with visual inspection
strain gauge
fibre optics
Simpson 2015
CHBDC and AASHTO
consider dynamic effects
Papers about dynamic effects
dynamic effects of moving vehicles on corrugated steel culverts are not yet clear
Pavement effects
AASHTO
Papers
Liu, Y., Moore, I. D., & Hoult, N. A.
(2020).
Field monitoring of a corrugated steel culvert using multiple sensing technologies. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 11(3), 04020030.
Test
half CSP on concrete foot
with a raduis of 1.32m
soil cover 0.45m
the road and pipe is 90 degree
abstract
choice of sensor
fibre, DIC, total station
peak thrust depends on truck location
peak flexural stress is double the peak hoop stress
live load is longitudianlly nonuniformly distributed
Kearns, O., Moore, I. D., Hoult, N. A., & Webb, M. C.
(2023)
.
Corrugated Steel Ellipse Culvert Response: Experimental Results Compared to Design Approaches. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 14(2), 04023010.
simulation
#
Kearns, O., Moore, I. D., & Hoult, N. A.
(2020)
. Measured responses of a corrugated steel ellipse culvert at different cover depths. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 25(11), 04020096.
Test
Ellipse CSP 1.65x1.3m
cover depth 0.1-1.2m
a single wheel pad
CHBDC service load
to address this issue
design code only consider failure due to hoop, recent reseach shows that bending is dominate at shallow cover
results
bending moment is the more dominant failure mode at shallow depths
A negative bending moment and high axial thrust consistently occurred at the crown of the culvert.
Positive bending moments were recorded adjacent to the crown and near the shoulders of the culvert.
D-load test in our team
CC application literature