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Seedless Plants - Coggle Diagram
Seedless Plants
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Seedless vascular plants
Seedless vascular plants — Have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for transport (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324–325, 328)
Xylem — Moves water and minerals from roots upward (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324–325)
Phloem — Transports sugars and organic nutrients throughout plant (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324–325)
Ferns — Large sporophytes with fronds and reproductive sori (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.328–330)
Sori — Clusters of sporangia on fern fronds that release spores (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.329–330)
Club mosses & horsetails — Additional seedless vascular groups (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.330–331)
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Adaptations to land
Stomata — Pores that open/close to regulate gas exchange and water loss (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324–325)
Cuticle — Waxy coating that reduces water loss on aerial surfaces (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324–325)
Apical meristems — Undifferentiated tissue for root and shoot growth (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.323–324)
Vascular tissue advantage — Enables greater size and colonization of dry land (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324–325)
Definition & overview
Reproduce via spores — Produce haploid spores from sporangia by meiosis (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.322–323, 326)
Require moist environments — Flagellated sperm swim through water to eggs (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.326–327)
Groups: bryophytes & seedless vascular — Two main seedless plant groups (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.326–327)
Reproduction & spores
Sporopollenin — Tough polymer protecting spore walls from degradation (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.323)
Gametangia — Antheridia produce sperm; archegonia produce eggs (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.323–324)
Flagellated sperm — Motile sperm that require water to reach eggs (OpenStax, Ch.14, p.324, 326–327)