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Fungi - Coggle Diagram
Fungi
Basic features
Eukaryotic — Cells with membrane-bound organelles and nucleus (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.306)
Cell walls of chitin — Rigid walls composed of chitin polymers (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.306)
Heterotrophic absorption — Secrete enzymes and absorb dissolved nutrients (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.306–307)
Mycelium (multicellular) — Network of hyphae forming the fungal body (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.307)
Yeasts (unicellular) — Single-celled fungi; reproduce by budding (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.306–308)
Nutrition & ecology
Saprobic decomposers (saprobes) — Break down dead organic matter; recycle nutrients (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.309)
Parasitic fungi / mycoses — Fungi that infect plants, animals, and humans (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.309–310)
Mycorrhizae — Mutualistic associations with plant roots for nutrient exchange (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.311)
Lichens — Symbiosis of a fungus with an alga or cyanobacterium (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.312)
Diversity / groups
Chytrids — Early-diverging fungi; some produce flagellated spores (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.313
Zygomycetes (bread molds) — Form zygosporangia during sexual reproduction (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.313–314)
Ascomycetes (sac fungi) — Produce sexual spores inside sac-like asci (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.314)
Basidiomycetes (club fungi) — Produce basidiospores on basidia (mushrooms) (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.314–315)
Body structure
Hypha(e) — Threadlike filaments that grow and absorb nutrients (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.307–308)
Septate hyphae — Hyphae with cross-walls separating cells (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.307–308)
Coenocytic hyphae — Hyphae lacking septa; multinucleate cytoplasm (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.307–308)
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction — Formation of asexual spores; budding in yeasts (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.308–309)
Sexual reproduction — Plasmogamy → dikaryotic stage → karyogamy → meiosis (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.308–310)
Spore dispersal — Wind/animals move spores for colonization (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.310)
Human relevance
Food & fermentation — Yeasts used in baking and brewing (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.308–309)
Medicines (antibiotics) — Source of medically useful compounds (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.312–313)
Agricultural/food impacts — Cause spoilage and plant diseases (OpenStax, Ch.13, p.309–311)