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๐ต 1) Passive Voice ุงูู
ุจูู ููู
ุฌููู, โ ุชูููู ุงูู
ุจูู ููู
ุฌููู:, be + Pastโฆ
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ุงููุงุนู ุบูุฑ ู
ุนุฑูู
ุงูู
ูู
ูู ุงูุญุฏุซ ููุณู ู
ุด ู
ูู ุนู
ูู
โ ุฃู
ุซูุฉ ุงูุชุญููู ุญุณุจ ุงูุฒู
ู:
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โ ููุงุนุฏ ุซุงุจุชุฉ:
1. ุจููุฒู ุฒู
ู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุฎุทูุฉ ูุฑุง
2. ุงูุถู
ุงุฆุฑ ุจุชุชุบูุฑ ุญุณุจ ุงูู
ุชููู
3. ุธุฑูู ุงูุฒู
ุงู ูุงูู
ูุงู ุจุชุชุบูุฑ
4. ูู ุงูููุงู
ุงูู
ูููู ุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
:
said, told, asked + that / if / wh-word*
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Direct Reported
Present Simple: Past Simple
Present Continuous: Past Continuous
Present Perfect: Past Perfect
Past Simple: Past Perfect
Past Perfect: ุชูุถู ุฒู ู
ุง ูู
Future (will): would
can: could
may: might
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Direct Reported
now: then
today: that day
tomorrow: the next day
yesterday: the previous day
this: that
these: those
last week: the week before
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โ ุจุฏูู ุชุฑุชูุจ ุงูุณุคุงู
โ ู
ููุด ุนูุงู
ุงุช ุงุณุชููุงู
โ ูุฑุฌุน ุงูุชุฑุชูุจ ูุฌู
ูุฉ ุฎุจุฑูุฉ
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Direct: Donโt be late.
Reported: He told me not to be late.
Direct: Can you help me?
Reported: She asked me to help her.
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ุฌู
ูุฉ + ุฐูู ุณุคุงู ุตุบูุฑ
ูู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ู
ูุฌุจุฉ โ tag ู
ููู
ููู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ู
ูููุฉ โ tag ู
ูุฌุจ
Examples:
She is tired, isnโt she?
You donโt like tea, do you?
He hasnโt left, has he?
They will come, wonโt they?