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Mendel and the Gene Idea & The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance -…
Mendel and the Gene Idea & The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Mendel and the Gene Idea
Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance
Law of Segregation
Genes have alternative forms
Alleles
two alleles of a gene segregate during gamete formation
Heterozygotes
different
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Homozygotes
same
Phenotypes
physical description
Monohybrids
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics
Law of Independent Assortment
The pair of alleles for a given gene suggests into gametes independently of the pair of alleles for any other genes
Mendelian patterns of inheritance
Pedigrees
A family tree that describes the inheritance of a trait across generation
Carries
men can only be carriers
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Mendelian inheritance
Chromos Theory of inheritance
Mendelian genes have specific locations along chromosomes
Fruit fly
Wild type
phenotype for a character most commonly observed in a natural population
sex linked trait
XX
Female
Barr Body
inactive X chromosome
XY
Male
gene on the Y chromosomes called SRY
sex linked gene
when a gene affects a specific sex chromosomes
Linked genes
Genes that are located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together
Genetic recombination
The production of offspring with combination of traits that differ from either generation parent
Meiosis
Parental types
Crossing over
prophase 1 = increase in genetic diversity
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis
Linkage map
genetic map based on recombination frequencies
