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Médecine Interne - Coggle Diagram
Médecine Interne
Pulmonary
Pulmonary Congestion and Hemorrhage
Congestion ; acc of blood in the alveolis
Active : Themal shock, viral
Passive : left sided cardiac failure
Hemorrage (rare) Cardopulmonary disorder
Pericarditis, myocarditis
Spreading,
Congestion active : Venesection, Cold applications, Diuretics,
Passive :treat cause
Hemorrage : emergency, hemostasis
Cardiogenic P E : Heart related
mitral valve disease, myocarditis, perycarditis
ncreased capillary permeability
Pneumonia, toxins, obscrutive
Oxygen, diuretic,
Venesection
Antisecretory: atropine
Bronchodilators
Acute / Chronic pulmonary emphysema
Etiology
• Primary: overexertion, forced breathing (mechanical obstruction, intense effort)
• Secondary: near pneumonia, atelectasis
Expiration becomes active (involving abdominal muscles)
• May evolve to irreversible damage(chronic)
Early stage
Respiratory disease complex in calves and young cattle - Diagnosis and treatment
History: stress (weaning, transport), young age, poor environment • Clinical signs: cough, nasal discharge, dyspnea, fever, depression • Lung auscultation: rales, abnormal sounds
Lobar Pneumonia
Congestion phase
(capillary congestion)
Pulmonary block phase
• Exudate coagulates → "lung block"
Resolution phase
Lung epitheliumm regenerate
Congestion phase
Fever, chills, anorexia,
Tachypnea, sweating, tachycardia
Pulmonary block phase "lung block"
• Plateau fever, dry infrequent cough,
Resolution phase
• T° normalizes, appetite returns
Bronchopneumonia
Percussion : dulness
Catarrhal bronchopneumonia
Clinical signs • Begins as laryngotracheobronchitis, then worsens over days: • Sudden fever > 40°C, oscillating • Bronchial rales (wet/dry),
• Suppurative foot disorders, peritonitis, metritis, mastitis
arthritis (in young)
Secondaey
Secondary:
• Complication of catarrhal or fibrinous bronchopneumonia
luctuations in body temperature • Tachypnea and dyspnea, depending on lesion severity and extent • Intermittent purulent discharge, large in
Chronic bronchopneumonia
Chronic progression with fibrosis and granuloma formation
poorly resolved acute bronchopneumonia
More frequent in young or immunosuppressed animals
Etio : fungal pneumonia, tuberculosis
• Dry bronchial rales,
persistent dyspnea
Laryngeal
Laryngytis
Laryngeal mucosa, alongside Pharyngeal / Tracheal Nasal condition
Primary : Stress, environment, humidity...
Trigerring : Infection, bacterial, fungi
Traumatic (tight collar)
Acute
Pseudomembranous
Stridors
Chronic
Diagnostic : Laryngeal dyspnea
Cough, painful larynx
Medication : Antitussives,
Corticosteroids
Laryngeal edema
Sero fibrous sero purulent sero hemorrahic infiltration of the submucosa connective tissue of the larynx
Symtoms : Inspiratory dyspnea, cyanosis, rare cough, ortopnea
Treatment : Trachetomy (emergency procedure)
Corticobio
Laryngeal Spasm
SUDDEN contracton of Laryngeal constrictor muscle
Sudden dyspnea
Emergency : Trachotomy
spasmolytics (atropine procain) analgesics : novalgin
Laryngeal Paralysis
Myopathic (damage laryngeal nerve)
Neuropathic
CNS (rare)
Irreversible : iodides, B1, strychnine, operation
Nasal
Rhinitis Coryza
Primary : Cold humidity
Secondary / Symtomatic : Infection Glanders
Catarrhal / Pseudomembranous / Purulent / Glanders / Necrotic / Allergic / Chronic
Hygiene or medical (corticobio)
Frontal Sinusitis
Complication of Rhinitis or Trauma
Purulent or Catarrhal
Unilatrer nasal secretion
Dyspnea
CorticoBio / Puncture / X ray
Maxilarry Sinusitis
Trauma, rhinitis, granumolas, Acitomycins
Teeth eye, unilaster dyspnea
Same as frontal, teeth remvoe
Bronchia
Bronchitis
Primary : (young age, low immunity)
: (cold humid,
Determinant factors:
• Pathogens
Secodary : after peritonitis Linked to heart failure
mucosal damage → congestion, secretion
Macrobronchitis (large bronchi) cough (dry → wet),
Dyspnea, nasal discharge, dry crackles
Micro : 40+ Fever, sever dyspnea, cough, anorexia, lethargia wet crackles
Hygiene & Support
Feeding
• Anti-inflammatory, topical rub, corticobio
Antisecretory : atropine
Bronchial Asthma
Syndrome, not a disease, Intermittent, long-term, allergic-based airway hyperreactivity
General (systemic): genetic allergy tendency (dust, pollen, molds, drugs, etc.)
Allergen avoidance
• Crisis control: Beta-agonists (isoprenaline),
corticosteroid
OBSTRUCTIVE RESPIRATORY DISEASE in horses
Multifactoriel
Irritan, intecious, allergic
Asthma → bronchitis → bronchiolitis → alveolar dysfunction → emphysema
: bronchiolar lumen narrowing
Differential with emphysema dyspnea at exhalation efficacity corticosteroids
no healing, Spasmolytic, bronchodilators