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Chapters 51 and 52: how do animals behavior and enviorment go together -…
Chapters 51 and 52: how do animals behavior and enviorment go together
Type of animal behavior
Innate: actions (reflexes) an animal has since day one
trial and error
Associative learning: associates a stimulus with an action
habituation: when you get the same stimulus over and over agin, the stimulus becomes ignored
imprinting: not learned behavior, happens during a critical time
observational learning: watching another organism to learn how to do something
Fixed action pattern: serious of actions caused by a stimulus
insight: problem solving
52.2: terrestrial biomes are controlled by climate and disturbance
TERRESTRIAL BIOMES:
Chaparral: Mediterranean- wet and dry, warm
temperate grasslands: 30-60 degrees N/S, seasonal, hot and cold
Savanna: between deserts and grasslands- wet and dry seasons, warm
northern coniferous forest: 60 degrees N/S, fariely wet, cold
Desert: 30 degrees N/S- very dry, temp depends
temperate broadleaf forest: 30-60 degrees N/S, very wet, seasons
Tropical forest- on equator, wet and hot
tundra: close to poles, fairly dry, cold
Disturbance is an event such as a storm or fire or human activity, that changes a community, removes organisms, or alters resource availability
What are the 4 major motivations for animal behavior
finding food
avoid being eaten
Sexual selection/mating
raising young
2 ways behaviors evolve
How well an animal can find a mate and reproduce
teaching offspring
51.1: climate and seaons are based on latitude
Climate: long-term prevailing weather conditions in a given area
The equator and poles do not experience seasons
We experience climates because of the tilt of earth (23.5)
Rainshadow is when warm air comes in from the ocean it rises and collects water (rains) on one side of a mountain, then falls and collects water on the other side of the mountain creating a dry enviorment
The rotation of the earth and the areas between air rising and falling cause wind.
Trade winds blow from east to west (counterclockwise) and westerlies are winds that blow from west to east
Doldrums is a region where air currents bang into each other and cancel each other out- no wind
52.3: Aquatic biomes
Zonation
Pelagic zone
Photic: where light can get through
aphotic: little light can get through
Abyssal: deep in the aphotic zone
Benthic: made up of sand and sediments- bottom of all aquatic zones
Benthos: communities of organisms in the benthic zone
Turnover: when climates change and cold water goes to the top and warm water goes to the bottom, and vice versa
Biomes:
estuaries: wetlands that are fresh and salty
Intertidal zones: aquatic zones where tides come in
streams/rivers: fresh MOVING bodies of water
ocean palegic zones: deep water
wetlands: edges of bodies of water
coral reefs: photic zone- photosynthesis can occur
Lakes: inland fresh water
marine benthic zone: bottom of the ocean
52.4: what factors limit the interactions between species
Dispersal: movement of individuals or gametes away from their area of origin
Biotic (living) factors like other animals determine interactions between species
Predators, competition, and diseases
Abiotic (not living) factors like temp, water, oxygen, sunlight soil, also determine interactions between organisms