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Gene Expression and Basis of Inheritance - Coggle Diagram
Gene Expression and Basis of Inheritance
Nondisjunction & Disjunction
Nondisjunction - is pairs of homologous chromosomes that do not separate normally during meiosis (Laws of segregation “gone wrong”) The resulting gametes will either have too few or too many chromosomes.
Disjunction - pair of homologous chromosomes that do separate normally
Traits
Dominant trait - Trait that is always expressed if present (represented by a capital B)
Recessive trait - Both parents must pass on the recessive trait to offspring for it to be expressed. (Represented by a lower case letter b)
Alleles
(PP- homozygous dominant)
(Pp- heterozygous)
(pp- homozygous recessive)
Traits - Variants for a character such as colors for things.
Mitosis & Meiosis
Mitosis - somatic cells
Meiosis- sex cells (sperm) (egg)
→ You then get 23 unreplicated chromosomes (haploid number)
→ Then into PMAT II or Meiosis II
→ You then get 23 replicated chromosomes (diploid number)
→ Takes off into PMAT I or Meiosis I
Meiosis begins with germ line cells at 46 chromosomes
Phenotypes & Genotypes
Phenotype - Traits that are physically visible
Genotype- Genes that are represented by allele/letters
Genetic Recombination
Recombinant types mean you have genes that do not match your parents
Genetic recombination, the production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent.
Parental types means you have genes that match your parents
Two or more genes that are further apart increases the likelihood of crossing over to occur which increases recombinant frequency.
Di-hybrid cross & Mono
Monohybrid cross means a punnet square that compares one trait
Dihybrid cross means a punnet square that compares two traits
Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy- results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred.
Fetal Testing & PKU testing
New born screening-
One common test is a phenylketonuria (PKU) a recessive inherited disorder that occurs in one of every 10,000-15,000 births in the US
Fetal testing-
In amniocentesis, the liquid that bathes the fetus is removed and tested for certain genetic disorders.
In chorionic villus sampling (CVS), a sample of the placenta is removed and tested.