Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CARBOHYDRATES - Coggle Diagram
CARBOHYDRATES
TYPES
DISACCHARIDES
(Two monosaccharide units
linked by glycosidic bonds)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Maltose (glucose + glucose)
POLYSACCHARIDES
(Many monosaccharide units)
Glycogen (animal storage)
Highly branched, rapid glucose release
Cellulose (plant structure)
β-1,4 linkages → indigestible to humans
Starch (plant storage)
Amylose (unbranched)
Amylopectin (branched)
MONOSACCHARIDES
(Simplest sugars)
CLASSIFICATIONS
ALDOSES
(Aldehyde group)
KETOSES
(Ketone group)
BY CARBON COUNT
TRIOSES
TETROSES
PENTOSES
HEXOSES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Reduction: Carbonyl group → sugar alcohols/alditols (sorbitol, xylitol)
Oxidation: Aldoses → carboxylic acids
FISCHER PROJECTION
Represent 3D structure of sugars
D- and L- isomers determined by -OH position on chiral carbon farthest from carbonyl group
Vertical lines = bonds away from viewer
Horizontal lines = bonds toward viewer
HAWTHORN STRUCTURES
Cyclic structures in aqueous solutions
Formed when carbonyl reacts with hydroxyl group
α- and β-D-glucose forms due to mutarotation
IMPORTANCE OF CARBOHYDRATES
Structural components (cellulose in plants)
Cell recognition (immune response)
Energy storage and supply
