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Marine Resources and Conservation - Coggle Diagram
Marine Resources and Conservation
Economic rationale for marine 'hunger gathering'
Fishing on the high seas would be highly unprofitable in the absence of substidies
Many global fisheries are depleted below the level that maximizes long-run extraction
Indonesia study - impact of the loss of mangroves on livelihoods of fishing communities
loss of income is higher in areas with mangrove depletion
people's reaction is more time spent fishing
Bad reaction to an exogeous shocks
subsidies for mangroves restoration
after 3 years these mangrove forests are handed to the communities
effects
no impact on catch or income or increase in fish stock
more peple are buying boats and fishing
might be becasue there is more shelter for fish so people have to spend more time looking for fish
Implications: higher fishing costs higher fish prices & lower spending on fish substitute from fish to meat
Property Rights
securing marine (common) property rights
UNCLOS: granted countries an EEZ of to each coastal nation in 1982:
open access de jure property rights over marine resources (~ 90% of global fish stocks)
effect is: it reduces resource extraction, credit market development (people invest in new boats) which would normally lead to over extraction but now with good property rights people value future extraction more and so they do not overextract
only happens in the presence of good enforcement
Largest property right assignment in history!
Conserving marne resources
Area-based conservation measures: target set by the Convention on Biological Diversity that at least 30% of earth’s terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas are protected by 2030
who is responsible for the enforcement?