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Control Microbial growth 3 - Coggle Diagram
Control Microbial growth 3
Chemotherapy history
1928- Fleming discovered penicillin produces by Penicillium notatum inhibited growth of staphylococcus aureus
1940- Florey and chain do the first clinical trials of penicillin
1910- Ehrlich speculated about a "magic bullet, coined the term chemotherapy, Salvarsan, an arsenic compound used against syphilis
Selective toxisity- killing microbes without damaging the host
Broad Spectrum- saves time without an ID, is usually given for most sicknesses. It does destroy your normal flora so it is recommended to take something like yogurt with the medication. opportunistic pathogens flourish in this, meaning superinfection may result
Narrow Spectrum- given when they know what the pathogen is, gram postive cells are usually affected by these, gram positive cells are most likely to be affected by penicillin and erythropoietin, gram negative cells affect the lipopolysaccharides and porins in the outer membrane
Testing methods
Broth Dilution tests can estimate MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration), can estimate MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration)
Diffusion method
Kirby Bauer test, disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition, simple and inexpensive
E- Test- can estimate the MIC ONLY
Safety
Therapeutic Dose- amount of medication that must be administered to have the desired effect
toxic dose- the amount of medication that must be administered before the undesirable outcomes are noticed and the health of the patient is impaired
therapuetic index- toxic/therapeutic- larger the ratio the safer the medication
Resistance- a variety of things can lead to antimicrobial resistance
Prevention of penetration of drug
Alteration of drug's target site
Enzymatic destruction of drug (beta lactase)
rapid ejection of the drug (efflux pump)