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Control of microbial growth 2 - Coggle Diagram
Control of microbial growth 2
Vocab
Sterilization- destruction or removal of all forms of microbial life including endospores, usually done by steam under pressure or a sterilizing gas such as ethylene oxide
Commercial Sterilization- sufficient heat treatment to kill endospores of clostridium botulinum in canned food, more resistant endospores of thermophilic bacteria may survive, but they will not germinate and grow under normal storage conditions
Disinfectants- chemical substances that destroy or inactivate microorganisms (vegatative pathogens) on non-living surfaces
Antisepsis- destruction of vegatative pathogens on living tissue, treatment is almost always by chemical antimicrobials
Antibiotic- substance produced by microbes taht in small amounts inhibits the growth of other microbes
degerming- removal of microbes from a limited area such as the skin around an injection site, usually alcohol wipe
Antimicrobial Drugs- interfere with the growth of microbes within a host (anti fungal, antiviral)
Sanitization- treatment intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to safe public health levels. May be done by high temp washing or by dipping into chemical disinfectant.
Chemotherapy- use of chemical substances to treat a disease
Efficacy of antimicrobial treatments depends on- number of microbes, environment, organic debris, biofilms, time of exposure, acid fast endospore or gram result
Bacteriocidial
Directly kills bacteria
defined as a 99.9% reduction in the number of viable bacteria relative to initial density of bacteria, over a set incubation time
Bacteriostatic
Most bacteriostatic agents keep bacteria in their stationary phase of growth
prevents bacteria from reproduction but do not necisarrily kill them
actions of control- alter membrane permeability, image proteins, damage nucleic acids
Inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription: quinolones, rifampin
Injury to PM- polymyxin B
Inhibit protein synthesis: chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin
Inhibit synthesis of essential metabolites- sulfanilaide, trimethoprim
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin
Animal virus- attaches to the plasma membrane (specifically the proteins or glycoproteins) serving as receptors. Once the virus attaches to the receptor, it is going to activate a pinocytosis (type of endocytosis) triggers the PM to surround the virus and bring it in. Once inside you get uncoating, where the digestion of the protein coat happens then releasing the genetic information.