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10.1 IPEKA PURI Informatics <Claire>, Definition - Coggle Diagram
10.1 IPEKA PURI Informatics <Claire>
Computer System
software
Application Software
Productivity: Word processors, spreadsheets
Creative: Photoshop, AutoCAD
Web & Communication: Browsers, email clients
System Software
Utility Programs (antivirus, disk cleaner)
Operating System (Windows, Linux, macOS)
Programming Software
IDEs (Visual Studio, PyCharm)
Compilers & Interpreters
networking and connectivity
Internet and Protocols
TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP
Network Hardware
Router, Switch, Hub, Modem
Network Types
LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN
Cloud Computing
SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
hardware
Processor
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit),CU (Control Unit)，Registers
Memory
RAM (Random access memory), ROM(Read only memory)
Storage Devices
Hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), USB flash drive
Output devices
Monitor, printer, speaker, projector
Motherboard
Main circuit board connecting all hardware components
Input Devices
Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone
Computer Network
A computer network is a system where multiple devices (computers, servers, printers, etc.) are connected to share data, resources, and services.
Purpose
Resource sharing (printers, storage)
Data communication
Remote access
Types of Network
LAN (Local Area Network) – small area like a school or office.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – city-sized, connects several LANs.
WAN (Wide Area Network) – very large area, like the Internet.
CAN (Campus Area Network)
Network Devices
Router – connects networks and gives Internet access.
Switch – connects many computers inside one LAN.
Modem – changes digital signals so computers can use telephone or cable lines.
Access Point – makes a Wi-Fi connection possible.
Network Topologies
Star – all devices connect to a central hub/switch.
Bus – all computers share one main cable.
Ring – computers connect in a circle.
Types of Transmission Media
Wired: uses cables (like Ethernet or fiber optic).
Wireless: uses signals (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).
Internets and protocols
Internet: the largest network in the world.
IP Address: a unique number for each device.
HTTP/HTTPS: rules for opening websites.
Wireless Communication
Wi-Fi: short-range, uses radio waves.
Bluetooth: connects small devices like phones or speakers.
Hotspot: shares Internet from one device to another.
Computational thingking
Computational thinking is a logical and systematic way of solving problems by breaking them down into smaller parts, recognizing patterns, simplifying complex information, and designing step-by-step procedures (algorithms) to find solutions.
Main Steps
Decomposition – breaking a big problem into smaller parts.
ex : Decompose: get ingredients, prepare, assemble, eat.
Pattern Recognition – finding similarities and trends.
ex : Pattern: always need bread first.
Abstraction – focusing only on the important details.
Algorithm Design – making step-by-step instructions to solve the problem.
ex : Algorithm: follow the steps in order.
ex : Abstract: ignore brand of bread.
ICT
The use of technology to collect, process, store, and share information.
Main Components
Hardware – computer parts you can touch.
Software – programs or apps.
Data – information being processed.
People – users who use ICT tools.
Procedures – steps or methods used.
Definition