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10.1 IPEKA Puri Informatics <Cathleen Callista>, Definiton - Coggle…
10.1 IPEKA Puri Informatics <Cathleen Callista>
Computer System
Software
Application Software
Productivity: Word processors, spreadsheets, Creative: Photoshop, AutoCAD, Web & Communication: Browsers, email clients
Programming Software
IDEs (Visual Studio, PyCharm), Compilers & Interpreters
System Software
Operating System (Windows, Linux, macOS), Utility Programs (antivirus, disk cleaner)
Hardware
Processor
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), CU (Control Unit), Registers
Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read only memory)
Storage Devices
Hard disk Drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), USB flash drive
Output Devices
Monitor, Speaker, Printer, Projector
Motherboard
Main circuit board connecting all hardware components.
Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone
Networking and Connectivity
Internet and Protocols
TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP
Network Hardware
Router, Switch, Hub, Modem
Network Types
LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN
Cloud Computing
SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
Computer Network
A computer network is a system where multiple devices (computers, servers, printers, etc.) are connected to share data, resources, and services.
Purpose
Resource sharing (printers, storage), Data communication, Remote access
Types of Network
LAN (Local Area Network)
PAN (Personal Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
CAN (Campus Area Network)
Network Topologies
Star – all devices connect to a central hub/switch.
Bus – all computers share one main cable.
Ring – computers connect in a circle.
Network Devices
Router – connects networks and gives Internet access.
Modem – changes digital signals so computers can use telephone or cable lines.
Router – connects networks and gives Internet access.
Access Point – makes a Wi-Fi connection possible.
Internet and Protocols
HTTP/HTTPS: rules for opening websites.
IP Address: a unique number for each device.
Internet: the largest network in the world.
Types of Transmission Media
Wireless: uses signals (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).
Wired: uses cables (like Ethernet or fiber optic).
Wireless Communication
Wi-Fi: short-range, uses radio waves.
Bluetooth: connects small devices like phones or speakers.
Hotspot: shares Internet from one device to another.
Computational Thinking
Definition
A way of solving problems like a computer scientist — using logic and clear steps.
Main steps
Decomposition – breaking a big problem into smaller parts.
Pattern Recognition – finding similarities and trends.
Abstraction – focusing only on the important details.
Algorithm Design – making step-by-step instructions to solve the problem.
Example: Algorithm: follow the steps in order.
Example: Abstract: ignore brand of bread.
Example: Pattern: always need bread first.
Example: Decompose: get ingredients, prepare, assemble, eat.
ICT
Definition
The use of technology to collect, process, store, and share information.
Uses of ICT
Education – online learning, digital libraries.
Business – e-commerce, data management.
Communication – social media, messaging apps.
Government – e-services and information sharing.
Main Components
Hardware – computer parts you can touch.
Data – information being processed.
Software – programs or apps.
People – users who use ICT tools.
Procedures – steps or methods used
Examples of ICT Tools
Computers, smartphones, tablets
Internet, email, cloud storage.
Projectors, printers, and smartboards.
Definiton