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10.1 IPEKA PURI INFORMATICS Isabella - Coggle Diagram
10.1 IPEKA PURI INFORMATICS Isabella
Computer System
Subtopics
Hardware
Input Devices → Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
Output Devices → Monitor, Printer, Speaker
Storage Devices → HDD, SSD, USB
Processing Unit → CPU (ALU, CU, Registers)
Software
Application Software → Word Processors, Browsers, Games
Utility Programs → Antivirus, File Manager, Backup Tools
Firmware
Definition: Software embedded into hardware (e.g., BIOS)
Role: Helps devices start up and run basic instructions
Peopleware
Users, Programmers, IT Technicians
Importance of Human Interaction in Computing Systems
Functions of Computer System : Input → Process → Output → Storage → Communication
System Software → Operating Systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)
Comment: “A computer system combines hardware, software, and users to process data into meaningful information.”
Computer Network
Range
Local Area Network
Small area, e.g., school or office
Campus Area Network
Connects multiple LANs in an institution
Metropolitan Area Network
City-wide coverage
Wide Area Network
Country/worldwide (e.g., Internet)
Network Topologies
Bus
Pro : Easy and inexpensive to set up for small networks. Con : If the main cable fails, the entire network goes down.
Star
Pro : Easy to manage — failure of one device doesn’t affect others. Con : If the central hub or switch fails, the whole network stops working.
Ring
Pro : Data flows in one direction, reducing data collisions. Con : If one device or cable fails, the whole network can be affected.
Mesh
Pro : Very reliable if one connection fails, data can use another route. Con : Expensive and complex to install due to many cables.
Hybrid
Pro : Combines strengths of different topologies for flexibility and scalability. Con : Complex design and higher installation cost.
Network Media
Wired : Ethernet cable (Cat5e, Cat6), Fiber Optic
Wireless : Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared
Network Models
Client–Server
Peer-to-Peer
Protocols : TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS
Network Securities : Firewalls, Encryption, Antivirus, Authentication and Common Threats → Malware, Phishing, DDoS
ICT
Google Workspace
Sheets
Manage and analyze data collaboratively.
Docs
Create and share documents online.
Slides
Create digital presentations.
Challenges
Cybersecurity risks, privacy issues, and digital divide.
Dependency on internet and technology.
Definition : The use of technology to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate information. Combines computing and telecommunication.
Components
Hardware → Computers, phones, routers, projectors.
Software → Applications, Operating Systems, Cloud platforms.
Data → Digital information processed and stored by systems.
People → Users, technicians, IT managers.
Procedures → Rules and steps for using ICT tools effectively.
Application
Education → Online learning, Google Classroom, e-books.
Business → E-commerce, digital marketing, online banking.
Government → e-Government services, data management.
Healthcare → Telemedicine, digital patient records.
Communication → Email, social media, video conferencing.
Advantages
Faster communication and information sharing.
Easier collaboration and data access.
Supports innovation and productivity.
Computer Thinking
Definitions : A problem-solving process involving logical and structured thinking to create solutions that can be implemented by a computer.
Importance
It helps in coding, debugging, and system design, and it also improves logical reasoning and critical thinking in daily life.
Examples in Real Life
Planning a route on Google Maps (algorithmic thinking).
Organizing homework by priority (decomposition).
Spotting trends in test scores (pattern recognition).
Relation to programming
Forms the foundation for learning coding and software development.
Encourages efficiency and structured logic in writing programs.
Skills Developed
Logical reasoning
Creativity
Efficiency
Problem -- Solving
Core Concepts
Decomposition → Breaking down a problem into smaller, manageable parts.
Pattern Recognition → Finding similarities among problems to reuse solutions.
Abstraction → Focusing on the important details and ignoring irrelevant ones.
Algorithm Design → Creating step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.