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Ions and Bonding - Coggle Diagram
Ions and Bonding
Ions
charged particles
trying to get a full outer shell
stable
Groups 1 & 2
metals
lose electrons
positive ions
cations
Groups 6 & 7
non-metals
gain electrons
negative ions
anions
Ionic bonding
transfer of electrons
metal bonds with non-metal
electron gained or lost
makes ions
attracted
full outer shell
Attraction
opposite charges
Giant Covalent Structures
Macromolecules
all atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds
very high melting / boiling points
lots of energy required
Main examples
Diamond
Graphite
Silicon dioxide
(sand)
Metallic Bonding
electrons in outer shell are delocalised
strong forces of electrostatic electrons between positive metal ions and shared negative electrons
Properties
very STRONG
solid at room temperature
good conductors
malleable
Alloys
harder than pure metals
pure metals
too soft
mixed
harder
new metal atoms distort layers
harder
Ionic Compounds
giant ionic lattice
strong electrostatic forces of attraction
opposite charged ions
Properties
high melting / boiling points
strong bonds
requires lots of energy
some dissolve in water
Solid
cannot conduct electricity
Melt
ions - free to move
carry electric charge
Covalent Bonding
Sharing electrons
non-metals
share pairs of electrons
outer shell
full
stable
nucleus of bonded atoms
attracted to shared electrons
electrostatic forces
very strong bonds
Polymers
long chains of repeating units
strong covalent bonds
intermolecular forces
larger
more energy
solid at room temp
lower boiling / melting points
Allotropes of Carbon
Diamond
Properties
very hard
high melting points
cannot conduct electricity
no free electrons
Graphite
Properties
soft
slippery
high melting point
good conductor
delocalised electrons
Graphene
Properties
very strong
light
conducts electricity
Simple Molecular Substances
Properties
very strong covalent bonds
weak intermolecular forces
gases / liquids at room temp
low melting / boiling points
weak intermolecular forces
bigger molecules
stronger forces
more energy required
cannot conduct electricity