Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Virus Structures and Functions 2 - Coggle Diagram
Virus Structures and Functions 2
History
1930s- Wendell Stanley isolated the TMV (tobacco mosaic Virus) and electron microscope was invented
The first human disease associated with a filterable agent was yellow fever
1892- Dimitri Iwanoski- filtered the sap of the infected plants through a porcelain filter. The filtered fluid was still able to transmit the disease, "filterable agent"- means the filter doesn't make the disease clean, so whatever caused the disease must be smaller than a bacteria
1886- Adolf Mayer demonstrated that TMD (tobacco Mosaic Disease) could be transmitted from an affected plant to a healthy one
Yellow Fever
Flavivirus, single stranded with RNA envelope. It is still endemic, which means it will always be present in the community in low number, very common in the tropics (Africa, Mexico, South America)
History- was the first disease found to be caused by a virus, in 1901 Walter reed studied yellow fever during the Panama Canal building, Mosquito was the first vector
Zoonotic disease- can go from animal to human
Sylvatic (in the wild/woods) cycle- mosquito transmitted the disease from monkeys to monkeys and from monkeys to humans, therefor monkey is the reservoir
Urban Cycle- aides aegypti mosquitoes transmit the disease from human to human
Diagnosed based on clinical signs like a rise in antibody titer or isolation of the virus from blood, there is no specific treatment.
Mosquito control
insecticides
insect repellants
Drain standing water
mosquito netting
Vector- anthropogenic that can transport the disease between a reservoir and a host
Viral Host Range
Few viruses have a broad host range, most are species specify, bacteriophages infect only bacteria
Phage therapy- widely expiriemtned with in Eastern Europe, used as an alternate treated using phages to target and kill bacteria
3) in vitro screening of specific lytic phages isolated from various envirnmental and clinical samples or sourced from phage banks
4) safety and efficiency trials on animal model/ in- vivo
2) isolation and identification of the pathogenic strain
5) administration of phage formulations from different routes
1) patient infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria
Viral structures
Envelope- may be present around the outside of the capsid, consists of part of ht host ell membrane along with proteins coded for by the virus
Nonenveloped virus- consist of only the nucleic acid and capsid
Capsid- protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid cores, composed of protein subunits called capsomeres
External- spikes are carbs and protein complexes that project from the envelope surface, might help attatch, may help identify and may be used as a virulence factor
Human DNA virus
Adenoviridae- respiratory disease
Poxviridae- smallpox, cow pox- large viral replication occurs in cytoplasm
Herpesviridae- cold sores, herpes, mono, chickenpox/shingles
papovaviridae- warts