Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Civil Rights Movement - Coggle Diagram
Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Movement 1960s 
March on Washington A political rally on August 28, 1963, that MLK, Jr. led where over 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C., to advocate for the civil & economic rights of African Americans. Created public and political pressure that helped lead to landmark legislation, specifically the Civil Rights Act of 1964 + the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 An act that was released on July 2, 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Outlawed segrregation in public places and discrimination in employment, education, and federally assisted programs based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Letter from Birmingham Jail An open letter MLK, Jr. wrote on April 12, 1963 and was officially published on May 19, 1963 due to him being imprisoned for participating in a nonviolent anti-segregation protest. Impacted Civil Rights by providing a powerful, philosphical justification for nonviolent protest & demanding immediate action against segregation.
March to Montgomery 1965 A series of three civil rights marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, starting on March 7, 1965, to protest for voting rights for African Americans. Significantly led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which banned discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests and poll taxes.
Sit-In Movements The wave of nonviolent protests that occured during the American Civil Rights Movement, beginning in Greensboro, North Carolina, on February 1, 1960. Impacted Civil Rights by using nonviolent protests to desegregate public facilities, creating the SNCC, and bringing about the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 A landmark civil rights law signed on August 6, 1965, which prohibits racial discrimination in voting by eliminating discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests & poll taxes. Impacted civil rights by eliminating mentioned voting practices, which significantly increased minority voter registration and participation.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) A crucial American civil rights organization founded in April 1960 to coordinate student-led nonviolent protests against segregation and discrimination. Empowered young people, led grassroots organizing in the South, and pushed for legislative change, especially the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
The assassination of MLK, Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was first shot by James Earl Ray, then eventually died in St. Joseph's Hospital due to his injuries. His assassination sparked riots and national mourning that helped pass the Civil Rights Act of 1968, but also led to a leadership crisis and increased radicalization within the movement.
Civil Rights Movement 1940s & 1950s
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) A landmark Supreme Court case that unanimously ruled that state-sanctioned segregation of public schools was unconstitutional & violated the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause on May 17, 1954. Overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson trial and overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Montgomery Bus Boycott A 13-month civil rights protest in Montgomery, Alabama that started on December 5, 1955, sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. It successfully desegregated public buses, established MLK, Jr. as a national leader, and demonstrated the power of non-violent mass protest & collective economic action.
NAACP movement to register voters in South A key organization from the 1940s-1950s that primarily used legal challenges and coordinated grassroots voter registration that eventually led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Also greatly increased African American political participation & representation.
Civil Rights Act of 1957 & 1960 Civil Rights Act of 1957: First civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, establishing the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights & the Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice to investigate voting rights violations. Civil Rights Act of 1960: Strengthened the 1957 act, introducing federal voting referees to assist Black voters & requiring the preservation of voting records for 22 months to allow for federal inspection. Both created the first federal legislation on the issue since Reconstruction, focusing primarily on protecting voting rights.
Desegregation of Military A landmark civil rights action that abolished racial discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces due to President Truman's Executive Order 9981, which was officially ordered on July 26, 1948. Only happened because of the influence by the military performance of black soldiers in WWII, pressure from civil rights leaders & political considerations for Truman's re-election. Influenced other societal institutions to do the same & challenged racial prejudice.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) A civil rights organization founded on January 10, 1957 by MLK, Jr. and other Black ministers to coordinate and support nonvionlent protest activities across the South. Impacted Civil Rights by having the ability to lead direct action campaigns with the kind of massive grassroots support that had avoided the NAACP and other older advocacy organizations.
Other Civil Rights Movement
Equal Pay Act of 1963 A law signed on June 10, 1963, that legally required men and women to receive equal pay for equal work. Impacted civil rights by prohibiting wage dsicrimination based on sex and requiring equal pay for equal work.
Equal Rights Amendment A proposed amendment to the Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all citizens regardless of sex. It was passed by Congress on March 22, 1972. Didn't have an impact on civil rights since it was failed to be ratified by the necessary number of states.
National Organization for Women Founded on June 30, 1966, by Betty Friedan and other women with the intention of being a feminist organization to advocate for women's rights. Impacted civil rights by advocating for & achieving legal + social equality for women, helping to dismantle sex-based discrimination in employment, education, and other areas.
Hispanic Americans (Cesar Chavez) A prominent civil rights and labor leader during the Civil Rights Movement, known for co-founding the UFW and using nonviolent resistance tactics. He worked from 1962 up until his death in 1933. He left a significant impact by co-founding the UFW to fight for the rights of migrant farmworkers, using nonviolent tactics, which raised awareness of the injustices faced by farmworkers, leading to landmark legislation like the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975.
Youth Culture of the 1960s
Free Speech Movement A student-led protest at the University of California during the 1964-65 academic year, starting in the fall of 1964, and began as a direct offshoot of the Civil Rights Movement. Impacted civil rights by popularizing tactics like nonviolent civil disobedience and expanded the understanding of civil rights to include free speech and political activity on college campuses.
Woodstock 1969 A music festival that occurred on August 16, 1969, and was a cultural expression of its time, embodying themes of peace, unity, and protest again the Vietnam War. Its impact on civil rights was primarily symbolic and cultural, not a direct cause of legislative change, even though it reflected the era's social consciousness and desire for unity.
Students for a Democratic Society A radical student organization that started primarily in the 1960s that drew inspiration from & actively supported civil rights efforts, viewing them as a key part of a broader struggle for social justice. Impacted civil rights by mobilizing student activism, challenging segration through protests, and creating the influential Port Huron Statement to address social issues like racism.