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Qualitative analysis - Coggle Diagram
Qualitative analysis
Tests for anions
Carbonate
react with acids to produce CO2
add dilute HNO3 to solid or solution
if bubbling is seen the compound could be a carbonate
bubble gas through limewater forms precipitate in CO2
Sulphate
Aqueous barium ions are added as BaSO4 is very insoluble
a white precipitate will be formed
add BaNO3 if you intend to do a halide test afterwards
as will produce a white precipitate with the halide test if contains BaCl2
Add BaCl2 if not
Halide
add AgNO3
silver halide precipitates are different colours
AgBr2
Cream
Soluble in Conc NH3
AgCl2
White
Soluble in dilute NH3
AgI2
Yellow
Insoluble in conc NH3
halogens
Tests
AgNO3 (aq)
forms AgX
forms precipretate
Sequence
1) Carbonate
2) Sulphate
3) Halide
Tests for Cations
NH4+
Add NaOH (aq)
ammonia gas is produced
test with damp litmus paper
will turn paper blue or bleach red litmus
