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The substance's use in adolescents - Coggle Diagram
The substance's use in adolescents
Risks and consequences
Cognitive
Lower academic performance
Slow brain maturation
Adolescents who start drinking before age 15 show poorer executive functions at age 18
Social
Students abandon the school
Legal problems
Example: Alcohol consumption at parties leads to fights, expulsions, or school reports
Physiological
Increases the risk of addiction
Disorders of mood
Frequent cannabis use increases the risk of anxiety or psychotic episodes
Effects of substances
Cognitive effects
Problems with attention
Poor decision-making
Memory deficits
Reduced inhibitory control
Altered processes
Working of the prefrontal cortex
Working of memory circuits
Reward system
excess of dopamine
Social effects
Conflicts with family
Isolation
High-risk behaviors
Altered processes
Social judgment is affected by dopamine and the prefrontal cortex
Emotional regulation is altered by alcohol and cannabis
Physiological effects
Sleep disturbances
Hormonal imbalance
Heart rate and breathing disturbances
Changes in appetite
Neuroinflammation
Types of substances
Common substances
Nicotine (cigarettes, vapes)
Alcohol
Cannabis
Opioids / prescription drugs (less common)
Why adolescence is important
Real examples
A teenager accepts in order to fit in
impulsivity and social influence
Characteristics
Significant brain remodeling
Search for novelty
Impulsiveness
Risk-taking
Strong peer influence
Behavioral traits
Synaptic pruning
Increase of white matter
Prefrontal cortex still developing