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10.2 Ipeka Puri Informatics - C. Kelly - Coggle Diagram
10.2 Ipeka Puri Informatics - C. Kelly
Computational Thinking
Intergration of Google Workspace
Definition: the usage of all google application in which they can be integrated with one another easily.
Benefits
Saves time by minimizing duplication
Enhances teamwork and communication
Streamline workflow and increases efficiency
Examples
Inserting charts and tables from sheets to docs
Inserting data from sheets to slides
Importing text from docs to slides
Transforming slides to videos (g-vids)
Sheets Functions
Definition: google sheets has many functions to aid the user in managing their data. Different function names correspond to their respective usage, even if the names might be similar
Examples
Average, AverageIF, AverageIFS
Count, CountA, CountBlank, CountIF, CountIFS
IF, IFS
Or, And, Xor
Max, Median, Min
Sum, SumIF, SumIFS
Vlookup, Hlookup
Computer Network
Definition: a group of computers connected to each other (can be between two or thousands of computer) for the exchange of data and information
Benefit
Sharing data and information between computers
Sharing hardwares such as printers, scanners, etc
Faster communication which leads to time and cost efficiency
Internet
Definition: largest computer network in which it enables global data exchange and communication
Benefits
Source of information
Communication media
Entertainment
Online learning
Impact
Positive: quick information, broaden horizons and make work easier
Negative: spread of hoaxes, gadget addiction, data misuse
Services
Website & Social Media
Email
Storage
Types
CAN
Campus Area Network for campus scale
SAN
Storage Area Network for a dedicated high-speed data storage
PAN
Personal Area Network for around 10m scale
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network for home/office/campus scale (Wi-Fi)
WAN
Wide Area Network for inter-country scale
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network for city scale
LAN
Local Area Network for small scale
Components
Hardware, Software, Brainware
Types
Cable
Examples: LAN, switch, backbone
Wireless
Examples: wifi, bluetooth, satelite
Binary
The numbers (0s for off and 1s for on) that all computers use to quickly translate the data into numbers and letters
Bit is the smallest unit of information
A byte is a string of 8 bits
Network Security
Importance
Data protection & System Intergrity
Cyber Threats
Malware, Phishing, Denial-of-Service (can be passive or active attack)
Intrusion Detection & Protection
Firewalls, intrusion detection, the use of authentication and identification, encryption and VPNs
Vulnerable Management & Incident Response
Identification - prioritization - remediation, Containment - eradication - recovery
Computer Systems
Hardware
Definition: the physical components of a computer system, which is crucial for functionality
Components
Main
CPU
The brain of the computer processing data
Memory
Temporary storage for active processes and data
Motherboard
Connects all hardware components and facilitates communication
Definition: the primary components of a computer system as a fundamental way to process, store, and control datas.
Peripheral
Definition: external components for a computer that adds functionality to provide additional input, output, and storage.
Speaker
Speakers are used to provide audio output for a variety of devices.
Microphone
Microphones are used to convert sound waves into electrical signals which can be paired with a speaker for the output.
Monitor
Monitor displays visual information from a computer, such as text, images, or videos.
Devices
Input
Definition: hardware components that send data and control signals into a computer
Examples: keyboard, mouse, microphone
Output
Definition: computer hardware that convert processed data into a human-perceptible form, such as visual, audio, or printed output
Examples: monitor, speaker, printer
Brainware
Definition: the human user who operates and manages computers and other technology, acting as the "brain" that directs the hardware and software
Software
Definition: provides instructions to computer hardware, enabling tasks like web browsing and photo editing
Operating System
Definition: the fundamental software that manages a computer's hardware and software resources acting as an interface between the user and the machine
Examples: windows, macOS, linux, android
Application
a type of program designed to help users perform specific tasks, such as writing documents, browsing, or editing (its a shortcut for users to do a specific thing)
Examples: word, capcut, chrome
System Software
Definition: foundational software that manages and run a computer's hardware and provides a base for the application software to run
Examples: includes OS, device drivers for hardware like printers, firmware like BIOS, and utility like antivirus
ICT
Searching
Definition: the process of locating a specific data within a collection and helps with retrieving information.
Examples (daily): finding a contact in our phone, locating information in education resources
Linear Search
Efficient for unsorted data, in which it'll check each element sequentially
Binary Search
Efficient for large, sorted datasets, in which it'll divide and conquer the dataset (repeatedly divides the search in half)
Four Pillars of CT
Decomposition
breaking down complex issues, into smaller, manageable parts
Example: assembling a car piece by piece
Pattern Recognition
identifying patterns to solve problems efficiently
Example: knowing the pattern of traffic light of green, yellow, and red, we know what comes next.
Algorithm
doing things by a clear set of instructions
Examples: you follow a recipe to cook certain foods to achieve the most efficient and best result.
Abstraction
ignoring irrelevant details and concentrating on essential features
Example: when driving, just focus on the road, speed, and traffic, not the engine.
Definition: CT or computational thinking is a problem-solving technique inspired by computer science and how computers use this technique to break down complex issues into manageable parts
Benefits
Used for designing apps and programs
Data analysis on large datasets
Planning a trip, organizing work, etc
Sorting
Definition: arranging data in a specific order to help organizing and retrieving datas
Main Sorting Methods
Selection Sort
Locates the smallest item and places it at the beginning (and repeats this process). While it takes fewer steps than bubble sort, it's still slow for large datasets.
Insertion Sort
Sorting the list one item at a time by inserting elements in their right spot. They're very fast for small, nearly-sorted datas, but still slow for large, unsorted datas.
Bubble Sort
Repeatedly swap adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order. Though simple to understand, they are very slow for large datasets
Merge Sort
Divides the list into halves (until the smallest halve is achieved) and sort each half then merge them. They're very fast for large datasets while taking extra memory.
Data Structuring
Definition: when structuring data, we're effectively organizing our data. This helps us to solve problems efficiently by providing ways to store and retrieve data.
Queue
Definition: a data structure that follows FIFO (first in, first out), meaning that the most recently first element added will be the first one to be removed.
Examples: waiting in line, the first one in is the one served first.
Terms
Enqueue
adding an element to the back of the queue
Dequeue
removing an element from the front of the queue
Front
The front of the queue, the position where the elements are removed
Rear
The rear/back of the queue, the position where the elements are inserted
Stack
Definition: a data structure that follows LIFO (last in, first out), meaning that the most recently added item is the first one to be removed.
Examples: stack of plates, the last one added, is the first one to be removed
Terms
Push
adds an item to the top of the stack
Pop
removes the item from the top of the stack
Top of Stack (TOS)
the last element that was pushed in