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MODAL OF OBLIGATIONS, SHOULD, STRUCTURE, INTEGRANTS, image, image, image,…

- - - - Negative: Subject + had better not + base verb
        
        Question: Had + subject + better + base verb?
  - - - Negative: You had better not be late.
        
        Question: Had I better call a doctor?
  - - - Had better = modal-like expression.
        
        Always followed by base verb: had better + verb.
        
        Usually implies negative consequences if not followed.
        
        More urgent or stronger than should/ought to.
- - - - Doesn’t change with the subject.
        
        More formal than should, same meaning.
  - - - Negative: You ought not to ignore your responsibilities.
        
        Question: Ought we to leave early?
  - - - Negative: Subject + ought not to + base verb
        
        Question: Ought + subject + to + base verb?
- - - - Negative: He doesn’t have to wake up early.
        
        Question: Do we have to wear a uniform?
  - - - Similar to must, but often for external rules or needs.
    - - Doesn’t change meaning, but “has to” is used with he, she, it.