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Biology Paper 1, image - Coggle Diagram
Biology Paper 1
Organisation
Enzymes
Biological catalyst
Optimum
Stay at same pH
Temp
Too low slows metabolism
Too high denatures
Carbohydrase
Breaks down carbohydrates to simple sugars
such as glucose
e.g. Amylase for starch
Made in
Mouth, salivary gland
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Protease
Breaks down Proteins into amino acids
Made in
Stomach
Pepsin
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Lipases
Break down Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Made in Pancreas
Small Intestine
Digestion
Bile
made in Liver
Stored in Gall bladder
Secreted into the small intestine
To neutralise stomach acid
Emulsifies fats
mix two liquids that normally do not mix together
Food Tests
Protein
Biuret
Blue
to
Purple
if present
Sugar
Benedict's Solution
Water Bath 75 °C
Blue
to
Brick Red
or
green
or
yellow
depending on how much sugar
Lipids
Sudan III stain solution
Form 2 layers
top red
If none no layers
Starch
Iodine Solution
Orange
to
Black-Blue
Heart
Veins go into heart
Left side
Lungs to Body
Arteries go out
Right Side
Body to Lungs
Vena Cava
The Big Vein
Takes all the blood from body into heart
Pulmonary
Pulmonary
Artery
Takes blood to the Lungs
Deoxygenated
Pulmonary
Vein
Takes blood from the Lungs
Oxygenated
Lung
Pacemaker
Electrical Impulse to control heart contraction
Tells heart wen to beat
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Thick cus high pressure
Strong elastic walls
Layers of muscle so they're strong and stretchy
Capillaries
Small
1 cell thick
Go close to every cell for substance exchange
Permeable walls
for Osmosis and Diffusion and Active Transport
Veins
Large Lumen (diameter)
Thin walls cus low pressure
Valve to prevent backflow
Lumen is the hole in the middle of vessel
Rate of Blood Flow
volume of blood/number of mins =
Valve
prevents backflow
Tumours
Caused by Uncontrolled cell growth division
Cancer
Malignant
Bad
Infects other healthy cells
Can break off and spread through the bloodstream
All cancers are Malignant
Benign
Where the tumour grows until grows there's no more room
Plant Organisation
Waxy Cuticle
Helps reduce waterloss
Makes the leaf waterpoof
Upper Epidermis
Transparent
So sunlight passes through it to the chloroplpasts
Palisade Mesophyll Tissue
Contains the Chloroplasts
This is where Photosynthesis Happens
Spongy Mesophyll
Air Gaps
To Allow gases in and out
Diffusion
Xylem & Phloem
Xylem transports water
From roots (Up)
Transpiration
Process of water going from roots to evapouration
The Loss of water from a plant
Factors that affect
Temp
Warmer more transpiration
Cus water gets evaporated faster
Airflow
Water gets blown away
More diffusion
Light Intensity
Brighter more transpiration
More photosynthesis more gas exchange
Humidity
Drier Air Faster Transpiration
Greater Concentration Difference
1 more item...
Phloem Transports Food
Glucose
Translocation
Is food being transported
Lower Epidermis
Layer that contains Stomata and Guard Cells
Stomata
is a hole
To let gases in and out
Guard Cells
Control size of stomata
Controls how much goes in and out
Controls Transpiration
Close at night cus no light duh
Cell Biology
Infection and Response
Bioenergetics
