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Feminism and Social Change-Neoliberal feminism and sex work - Coggle…
Feminism and Social Change-Neoliberal feminism and sex work
stigma of sex work
m/c women who do pole dance fitness, "I do pole but I am not a stripper"
bar dancers in India, when demanding rights "I dance, but I am not a sex worker"
rather than ask "is this sex work", ask "what sociall and economic relation result?"
key feminist positions
exploitation
all "prostitution" is violence
“Sex is intrinsically different from other kinds of work, and sex work therefore is inherently exploitative. Where sex is exchanged for money, it is impossible for love, willingness, or consent to be involved. Therefore, sex cannot be validly considered work.”
second wave feminist Andrea Dworkin
"when men use women in prostitution , they are expressing a pure hatred for the female body... He can do anything he wants. She has nowhere to go."
Catherine MacKinnon
“When you are having sex with someone you want to be having sex with, I would hazard that you aren’t generally paying each other… the real thing is neither bought nor sold. [In] prostitution— the sex is coerced by the need to survive.”
In her view, the term “sex work” makes it sound like an act of free will, but people actually engage with it because of poverty and marginalization.
Carol Pateman
The Western democratic ideals of liberty, fraternity and equality were never extended to women
Marriage, prostitution, and surrogacy are intrinsically exploitative.
work
deserving of legal protection like any other work
“Sexual services and exchanges are comparable to other (non-sexual) kinds of labour and social relations and they deserve legal protection.”
Emphasize the continuity with other kinds of work, use the term "sex work", and advocate decriminalization.
Emphasize that it is an income-generating activity
Human rights/public health feminists emphasizing the difference between consent and coercion
Solution not to do away with sex work, but to reduce its risks, one of which is criminalization
human rights
the human rights and healthl of the person must be protected, regardless of whether it is work or not
neoliberalism
a free-market economy and robust capitalism are the best ways to protect individual freedoms and create economic prosperity
While neoliberalism does believe in a modest democratic state that provides some public goods, it criticises the government regulation of capitalism
arose in the late 1940s, in response to communism
state's power should be reduced
neoliberal feminism
formed in the late 1990's
overlappng definitions of consumption and work
an emphasis on a service economy across the world, increased migration (rather than just factory production of goods)
neoliberal feminism, "empowerment" becomes an individual objective that women can achieve through free choice, entrepreneurship and consumerism, regardless of structural inequalities or socialist reforms
the whorl stigma
blurry boundries between "mainstream commodities" and "commercial sex industry"
Zambelli
Zambelli suggests that the whorl stigma is not jusst a stigma attatching to sex workers, but an "everyday instrunment of social control and a disciplinary device of subjection"
women deploy "respectability tactics" to displace "the whorl stigml" onto eachother
The whorl stigma is a patriarchal instrument of social control.
reflexivity, reflecting on how your social position impacts your research and how your research transforms you personally --- is a key part of feminist research.
the paradoxesl of the "whorl stigma"
The transactional nature of the lap dance needs to be concealed: why?
Being a “good worker” makes one a “bad woman.”
The promisl of feeling sexy and powerful is constantly made vulnerable by the whorl stigma which women ultimately cannot control.
you can buy yourself out of the stigma of womanhood, for example m/c women paying for labour in their household