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Y11 ATAR Psych Exam, lifespan psych, biological psych, inquiry, social…

- - - - brain
      - spinal cord
    - - somatic
        
        sensory
        
        motor
      - autonomic
        
        parasympathetic
        
        releases acetylcholine
        
        sympathetic
        
        's' for STRESS
        
        releases adrenaline & noradrenaline
- - - - relay messages
      - frequently unmyelinated
    - - connect to receptor cell
    - - have nodes of ranvier
        
        faster transmission- important for reflexes etc.
  - - - carries impulses towards cell body
      - receives electrical impulses
    - - contains nucleus
        
        therefore controls cell activity
    - - carries impulses away from cell body
    - - transmits messages to other neurons
        
        does so by releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse
        
        action potential: the name for the impulse when it is yet to be transmitted
      - has vesicles (little sacs) full of neurotransmitters
    - - protective lipid layer insulating axon
        
        increases speed of neural transmission
  - - - impulses cross the synapse through the diffusion of chemical neurotransmitters
    - - action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron
        
        vesicles exocytose (release) neurotransmitters into the synapse
        
        neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and make contact with the receptors on the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites (located on the surface of the cell membrane)
        
        neurotransmitters bind to the postsynaptic membrane, beginning the nerve impulse in the postsynaptic neuron
        
        after the neurotransmitter stimulates the membrane, it is removed by an enzyme or transported back to the presynaptic neuron (reuptake)
- - - - the reticular formation
  - - - medulla
      - cerebellum
      - pons
- - - - extraneous
      - confounding
  - - - experimental designs
        
        repeated measures design
        
        matched participants design
        
        independent groups design
    - - observational
        
        naturalistic
        
        controlled
      - case study
      - correlational
      - longitudinal
      - cross-sectional
  - - - qualitative:
        
        interviews
        
        open-ended surveys
      - quantitative:
        
        objective physiological
        
        subjective