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Module 11: Network Design - Coggle Diagram
Module 11: Network Design
11.1 Hierarchical Networks
Hierarchical network design organizes devices into layers to improve performance, scalability, and management.
Main Layers:
Access Layer: Connects end devices such as PCs, printers, and IP phones.
Provides VLANs, port security, and access control.
Distribution Layer: Aggregates traffic from access switches.
Implements policies like routing, filtering, and QoS.
Core Layers: Serves as the high-speed backbone of the network.
Ensures fast and reliable data transport.
11.2 Scalable Networks
A scalable network can grow and handle more users, devices, and traffic without reducing performance.
Key Characteristics:
Modular design for easy expansion.
Redundant links and devices for reliability.
Standardized configurations for consistency.
Scalability Technologies:
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents loops in switched networks.
EtherChannel / Link Aggregation increases bandwidth between devices.
IPv6 addressing provides more available IP addresses.
Dynamic routing protocols like OSPF and EIGRP support network growth.
11.3 Switch Hardware
Switches forward Ethernet frames within the same LAN based on MAC addresses.
Main Components:
CPU: Handles control and management functions.
Ports: Provide physical connections for network devices.
Backplane / Switching Fabric: Determines total throughput capacity.
Memory: Stores MAC address tables, configs, and buffer queues.
Types of Switches:
Fixed-configuration: Limited number of ports; non-expandable.
Modular: Allows addition of modules or line cards for scalability.
11.4 Router Hardware
Routers connect multiple networks and determine optimal paths for packet forwarding.
Main Components:
CPU: Executes routing algorithms and manages operations.
Interfaces: Connect to various network types (Ethernet, fiber, serial).
Backplane / Bus: Provides internal communication between CPU and interfaces.
RAM: Stores routing tables and active configuration.
Flash / NVRAM: Stores the IOS and startup configuration.
Performance Enchacements:
ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits): Accelerate packet forwarding.
Hardware-based routing: Improves throughput and reduces delay.
Router Types:
Branch routers (for small offices).
Enterprise routers (for core or data center use).
Service provider routers (for large-scale networks).