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Embryology - Coggle Diagram
Embryology
Week 1: Initial Stages
Fertilization: Formation of the Zygote.
Cleavage: Rapid division of the Zygote.
Morula: A solid ball of cells.
Blastocyst: Implants in the uterine wall.
Bilaminar Disk: Inner Cell Mass differentiates into Epiblast and Hypoblast.
Weeks 7 - 10: Secondary Palate and Tongue Innervation
Secondary Palate: Palatal shelves (from the Maxillary Prominences) begin to grow, elevate, and move toward the midline.
Tongue Innervation (Differentiation):
Motor control: Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII).
Front 2/3 Taste: Facial nerve (CN VII).
Back 1/3 Taste + General Sensation: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
Weeks 4 - 6: Pharyngeal Arches and Primary Palate
Pharyngeal Arch 2 (Hyoid Arch): Forms muscles of facial expression, innervated by the Facial Nerve (CN VII).
Pharyngeal Arch 3: Innervated by the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX).
Pharyngeal Arches 4 & 6: Innervated by the Vagus Nerve (CN X).
~Week 6 (Primary Palate): The Primary Palate (front part) forms from the merge of the Medial Nasal Prominences.
Week 2 & 3: Germ Layer Formation
Week 2: The Primitive Streak appears on the Epiblast surface, initiating the process of Gastrulation.
Week 3 (Gastrulation): Formation of the three germ layers: Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.
Neural Crest Cells (NCCs), originating from the Neuroectoderm, begin to migrate. These cells are essential for forming craniofacial bones and all dental connective tissues (Dentin, Pulp, Cementum, and PDL).
Week 4: Early Face and Arch Formation
Face, Palate, and Tongue
Stomodeum (Primitive Mouth): Forms when the Buccopharyngeal Membrane breaks down.
Face Development: Begins from five surrounding prominences (Frontonasal, two Maxillary, two Mandibular).
Pharyngeal Arch 1 (Mandibular Arch): Begins to form the maxilla and mandible.
Innervation: Supplied by the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V).
Week 12: Palate Completion
Palate Fusion Complete: The final fusion of the Primary and Secondary Palates is completed. Failure here results in Cleft Palate.