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Chapter 7 and 8 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - an accessible section of the target population where a sample can be drawn
    - - A population can be defined as all people or items (units of analysis) with the characteristics that one wishes to study
        can be a person, group, organisation, country, object or any other entity that you wish to draw scientific inferences about
  - - - Proportional quota sampling
        the proportion of respondents in each subgroup should match that of the population
      - Non-Proportional Quote sampling
        do not have to achieve a proportional representation but you do have to meet a minimize size for each subgroup
- - - - Relability implies consistency but not accuracy
      - Unreliable measure can be the cause of the observers subjectivity
        Asking imprecise or ambiguous questions
        asking questions about issues the respondents are unfamiliar with or do not care about
      - Inter-rater reliability:
        A measure of consistency between two or more independent raters of the same construct
      - Test-retest Reliability:
        A measure of consistency between two measurements of the same construct administered to the same sample at two different points in time
      - Split-half reliability:
        Measure of consistency between two halves of a construct measure
      - Internal Consistency Reliability:
        measure of consistency between different items of the same construct
    - - Translational Validity;
        consists of two subtypes
        typically assessed using a panel of expert judges who rate each item on how well they fit the conceptual definition of that construct
      - Criterion-Related Validity:
        Consists of four subtypes
        examines whether a given measure behaves the way it should, given the theory of of that construct
      - Face Validity
        whether an indicator seems to be a reasonable measure of its underlining construct
      - Content Validity:
        an assessment of how well a set of scale items matches with the relevant content domain of the construct that it is trying to measure
      - Convergent Validity:
        closeness with which a measure relates to the construct that it is purported to measure
      - Discriminant Validity:
        degree to which a measure does not measure other constructs that it is not supposed to measure
      - Predictive validity:
        degree to which a measure successfully predicts a future outcome that it is theoretically expected to predict
      - Concurrent Validity:
        examines how well one measure relates to other concrete criterion that is presumed to occur simultaneously