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Chapter 8 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8
Simple information-processing model (8.4)
Single - channel hypothesis
the theory that when recieving many stimuli from the enviroment, the brain can only deal with one stimuli at the time
Multi - channel hypothesis
The theory that the brain can process different types of information at the same time by using different channels for different stimulis
STM and LTM
LTM (long term memory)
the brain's storage for information and experiences over extended periods, from minutes to years
STM (short term memory)
temporary storage system for a small amount of information that is actively held for seconds to minutes
Intrinsic and extrinsic feedback
Skill classification (8.3)
Basic and complex skills
Basic
Simple skills such as throwing, catching, hitting a ball and running
Complex
More difficult skills that require a higher level of coordination and concentration
Open and closed skills
Open
Skills that are affected by the enviroment ; the performer hast to react and adjust to the situation and this will constantly change
Closed
Skills that are not affected by the enviroment or the performers within it
Fine and gross skills
Fine
Precise movements that require a hig level of accuracy and technique ; they are often small movements that require small groups of muscles such as in the fingers
Gross
Movements that use large muscle groups to preduce big , powerful movements
The stages of learning (8.5)
Associative stage
The stage of repeating and practising skills and techniques
Autonomous stage
The automatic stage
Cognitive stage
The stage of understanding , preparation , and planning
Feedback (8.6)
Knowledge of results
Results give a quick measure of success
They should be accurate if recorded properly
Knowledge of performance
Can be simple feedback on one or two areas for beginers
Feedback can be tailored to suit the performers ability level
Skill and ability (8.1)
Factors that can affect skills
Teaching and coaching
The quality and provision of coaching available will affect the skill level
Anxiety
If you see the skill as difficult, for example, it may stop you improving
Motivation
This will influence the skills you chose and how well you master them
Enviroment
Where you live will affect your choices
Culture
Background can impact upon the skills you learn
Facilities
The kind of facilities that available and accesible will impact on the sports that are offered
Age and maturity
How young a person is can affect how good they become. Starting younger provides more time
Arousal conditions
Someone who is calm and enojoys low arousal may perform well in shooting or archery, which require fine motor skills
Skilled Performance (8.2)
Types of skills
Cognitive
How we think and make decisions
Perceptual
How we visualise and anticipate things
Gross
How we move
Guidance (8.7)
Types of guidances
Manual
´hand on´ guidance, showing how to hold a racket or swing a golf club
Mechanical
Guidnace on how to use physical supports such as harnesses or flotation aids
Visual
in the fform of images
Verbal
in the form of words