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Geography - Weather Hazards - Case Studies - Coggle Diagram
Geography - Weather Hazards - Case Studies
Typhoon Haiyan
Key Facts
made landfall to
Philippines
on
8th November 2013
Tacloban and Cebu
worst affected areas
up to 280mm rain
314km/h winds
storm surge
5m tall waves
Effects
Primary
over
6300
people were killed
over
1 million homes
severely damaged or destroyed
600,000
displaced
power lines fell
unable to call family of emergency services (over month)
1.1m tonnes
of crops destroyed
over
1m
farmer and
71,000 hectares
of agricultural land affected
US$13 billion
Storm surge
flooding
drowning
destroyed
30,000
fishing boats
no food or income
Secondary
Flooding
triggered several
landslides
blocked roads
delayed arrival of AID
6 million
lost source of income
lack of clean water
outbreaks of
diseases
Responses
Immediate
AID (N.G.O.s)
search + rescue teams
800,000 evacuated before storm
1200 evacuation centres
field hospitals
Long-Term
$300
million
funding from UN
repair key roads
safe zones
charities built storm-resistant houses
income back up from tourism, fishing, rice farms
Somerset Levels Floods
Location
flat, low-lying wetland area
central Somerset, SW England
between Mendip Hills and Quantock Hills
Bristol Channel
wide floodplains create marshy landscapes
rivers Parrett, Bruce, Axe, Tone
Physical Geography
several large rivers meet at confluences
increases flood risk
increases amount of water then slows
Steep slopes surrounding levels
water runs downhill along surface quickly
flat land
rivers flow in to area
large flood plain
Causes
land is flat and extremely low-lying
many rivers
flood-plains
lots of drainage ditches
lots of confluencing rivers
villages
Human
settlements built right along edge of dikes, rivers, streams
Burrowbridge
many rivers hadn’t been dredged for 20 years
Physical
wettest January on record
350mm of rain in Jan & Feb
Impacts
Social
600 homes flooded
villages cut off
major transport links closed or disrupted
insurance prices soared
some were unable to against future flooding
Environmental
11,500 hectares were destroyed
crops destroyed
standing water made ground toxic and unproductive 1+ yr
loss of nutrients and damage to soil structure
decreased long-term fertility
tonnes of mud and debris were left
damaging vegetation
Economic
Total cost of damage
£80 million
local companies lost
£1.2 million
loss of tourism
£200 million
Key Facts
Dec 2013 - Feb 2014
3x average amount of rainfall
high tides & storm surges
rivers hadn’t been dredged
Mana
Management
Before
warning systems
emergency accommodation
sandbags
floodboards
After
20-year plan
£100 million
temporary pumping station into permanent
regular dredging of rivers
tidal barrage at Bridgwater
widening chanel and drain