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1 - Apply Security Principles to Site and Facility Design - Coggle Diagram
1 - Apply Security Principles
to Site and Facility Design
Secure facility plan (organization's security needs and emphasizes methods or mechanisms to employ to provide security)
Risk assessment
Critical path analysis
identify relationships between mission-critical applications, processes, and operations and all the necessary support elements, both physical and technological.
Technology convergence
Tendency for various technologies to evolve and merge over the time
This can result in improved efficiency and cost savings, but it can also be a single point of failure and be target by attackers
Site selection
Addressing security requirements should always be first, before cost, location and size
Site location
Construction
Proximity to other buildings and businesses (e.g. visitors, noise, vibrations, dangerous materials hadnling
Proximity to emergency-response personnel
Local extreme weather conditions
Deter or fend off most overt break-in attempts (e.g. windows, doors, trees, shrubs, storage buildings)
Visibility needs (easily access, not standing out)
Industrial camouflage (datacenter looking like food-packing facility)
Facility Design
Must include
health and safety requirements
building codes
labor restrictions
Combustibility
Fire rating
Construction materials
Load rating
Placement
Control of items
Walls
Doors
Ceilings
Flooring
HVAC
Power
Water
Sewage
Gas
Forced intrusion
Emergency access
Resistance to entry
Direction of entries and exists
Use of alarms
Conductivity
US common regulations
Guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Guidelines from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Good to have a Facility Security Officer
Design, implementation management, oversight of facility security
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
1st generation CPTED (Facility design, landscaping, entrance concepts, campus layouts, lighting, road placement, traffic management of vehicles and those on foot)
Access control
Subtle guidance of those entering and leaving a building through the placement of entranceways
Use of fences and bollards
Placement of lights
Creation of internal security zones
Natural surveillance
Any means to make criminals feel uneasy through the increasing opportunities for them to be observed
Open and obstacle free outside area especially around entrances
Provide a pleasing landscape to let people or workers loiter around with plenty of seats
Walkways and stairways should be open
All area should be very well lit especially at night
Image and milieu
Visual elements and aesthetics of an environment
A well-maintained, aesthetically pleasing space tends to project a positive image and engage people positively with the environment
Milieu
Lighting
Landscaping
Signage
General "feel" of the surroundings
Territorial control
Attempt to make the area feel like an inclusive, caring community
Decorations, flags, lighting, landscaping, presentations of company logos, building numbers, decorative sidewalks
2nd generation CPTED
Social cohesion
Level of connectedness and solidarity within a ommunity
Community culture
Considering values, traditions, and norms that shape the community's identity
Connectivity
Create physical and social links within a community (e.g. clear pathways, parks, communal spaces)
Threshold capacity
Ability of a community or neighborhood to absorb and respond to external influences while maintaining its stability and security