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BURNS - Coggle Diagram
BURNS
Definition
Tissue injury from thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation sources. Damage ranges from superficial (epidermis) to full-thickness (subcutaneous tissues/muscle/bone). Severity classified by depth, TBSA%, and mechanism.
Clinical Features
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Signs of inhalational injury: soot, hoarseness, stridor
Pain, erythema, blistering, charred or leathery skin (depending on depth)
Systemic symptoms with major burns: tachycardia, hypotension
Pathophysiology
Hyperemia zone → minimal injury, recovers
Increased capillary permeability → fluid loss, edema, hypovolemia
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Systemic inflammatory response → shock, organ dysfunction
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Investigations
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CBC, electrolytes, urea/creatinine
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ABG, carboxyhemoglobin if inhalation suspected
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Treatment
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Fluid resuscitation → e.g., Parkland formula (major burns)
Analgesia and wound care (cleaning, debridement, dressings)
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Nutrition: high-calorie, high-protein
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Examination Findings
Check airway, breathing, circulation
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TBSA estimation: Rule of 9s, Lund & Browder chart
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Assess burn depth (superficial, partial, full-thickness)
Prevention
Safe handling of heat sources, chemicals, electrical devices
Fire alarms, fire-safe home design
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Public education on burn first aid (cool water, no ice, no home remedies)
Risk Factors
Children and elderly (thin skin, slower reaction times)
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Seizure disorders, impaired mobility
Smoking, alcohol/drug use
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