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Science formative Criterion A - Coggle Diagram
Science formative Criterion A
Calculating: Speed, Time, And Distance
Time = Distance : Speed
Distance = Speed x Time
Speed = Distance : Time
Quantities
Vector
Electric Field
Velocity
Acceleration
Weight
Displacement
Magnetic Field
Force
Scalar
Temperature
Energy
Distance
Mass
Speed
Time
Taxonomy
Species ( Sapiens ) 1st Rank
Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.
A species is the most specific rank in this hierarchical system.
Genus (Homo) 2nd Rank
a genus is a taxonomic rank above species and below family.
Why did we change the foot bone?
Human foot bones evolved to support bipedalism (walking on two feet).
Key changes include:
A shorter, stiffer big toe aligned with the others for better propulsion.
A more rigid foot structure for efficient walking and running.
Development of arches for shock absorption.
These adaptations improved locomotion on land but reduced grasping ability compared to primate feet.
converting centimeters to inches
Example: 50 cm ÷ 2.54 = 19.69 inches.
1 cm = 0.3937 inches.
To convert centimetres to inches, divide the length in centimetres by 2.54.
You can also multiply the length in centimetres by 0.3937 to get inches.
why did we change the pelvis bone?
It became shorter, broader, and bowl-shaped to support the torso and maintain balance.
It also had to allow for the birth of large-brained infants, leading to a trade-off between walking efficiency and childbirth.
The human pelvis evolved to support both bipedal walking and childbirth.
how did the human body change?
This change resulted from the shift from hunting-and-gathering to agriculture and sedentary lifestyles.
The human skeleton evolved from a heavier, more robust frame to a lighter, weaker one.
What do chimpanzee, arthopenticus africanus, and homo sapiens have in common?
All are primates with features like forward-facing eyes and opposable thumbs.
They all originated in Africa.
Chimpanzees, Australopithecus africanus, and Homo sapiens share a common ancestor and belong to the great ape family (Hominidae).
africa to america
Spread to Eurasia: Reached Asia and Europe, with humans in Europe by ~40,000 years ago.
Humans originated in Africa (~200,000–300,000 years ago) and began major migrations ~70,000 years ago.
Migration to the Americas:
Routes: Bering land bridge, ice-free corridor, or Pacific coast.
Timeline: First arrival ~15,000–23,000 years ago.
Evidence: Fossils (Africa), genetics (mtDNA/Y-chromosome), and archaeology (e.g., White Sands).
Weight = Mass x Gravity