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The World's Effects on Gender and Sexuality - Coggle Diagram
The World's Effects
on Gender and Sexuality
Society
History/research
Velocci,
The History of Sex Research
:
As more research is conducted on the meaning of sex, more definitions, and less of an answer, exist.
Schiebinger,
Why Mammals are Called Mammals
:
The definition of mammals can be attributed to the breast of a woman, enforcing the idea that a woman's most important role is that of a mother.
Fausto-Sterling,
The Five Sexes
:
The traditional male/female sex system doesn't include other forms of sex that exist.
Performance/Roles
West and Zimmerman,
Doing Gender
:
Gender is perpetuated through the continuous social interactions and behaviors we all exhibit.
Witting,
One is not Born a Woman
:
A woman isn't based on purely biology, but by the role she is expected to perform.
Butler,
Performative Acts and Gender Constitution
:
Gender is created through the repeated choices we make in our day to day lives: the way we dress, talk, walk, etc.
Kincaid,
Girl
:
From birth, girls are held to higher and more rigorous expectations for how to behave in society
Beauvoir,
The Second Sex
:
"The female is female by virtue of a certain
lack
of qualities"
Brave Sperm and Demure Eggs:
Even the depictions of male versus female sex traits in media meant for developing minds perpetuates gender norms and stereotypes of personality from them.
Weeks,
The Social Construct of Sexuality
:
Our understanding of sexuality is shaped by cultural and historical forces.
Race/Intersectionality
Mohantee,
Under Western Eyes
:
Western feminism alienates white women from women of color, and does not serve to help them.
Combahee River Collective
Statement:
Black feminism is the solution to a combination of many systems of oppression.
Crenshaw, "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and
Sex:
Intersectionality is a combination of systems of oppression, and to truly reform them, the most oppressed need to be liberated.
Kinship
Tallbear,
Making Love and Relations Beyond Settler Sex and Families
:
Western ideals of monogomy spread to inigenous communities via colonialism, and harm the indigenous ways of living that focus on kinship and community
Sappho,
If Not Winter:
Sappho demonstrates the shared human feelings of love and loss that is seen in all aspects of society, and how we often express those feelings through art.
Power
Necro/Biopolitics:
The political power over life/death
Foucault,
The Right of Death and Power over Life
:
Those who have more power have the control to decide who lives and who dies.
Reproductive Rights
Roberts,
The Meaning of Liberty
:
Roberts addresses the control used
over the reproductive rights of Black
women. Forced birth control, persecution,
and the removal of black children from their
families gave the government the power to
control whether or not a Black woman could
reproduce, and if she could do so with proper care.
Roberts,
The Failure of Dobbs
:
"Forcing people to give birth to children they are un-prepared to care for will increase their odds of being deemed neglectful and
becoming entangled in the family policing system."(p.180)
Jessi Lee Jackson,
Sexual Necropolitics and Prison Rape Elimination
:
Margainalized groups are victims of prison rape that is perpetuated by incarceration trends and negligence within prisons. This trend extends to minority communities, as prison rape is linked to the spread of HIV/AIDS, and treatment and preventative measures are denied.
Control
Oppression
Gumbs,
Undrowned
:
Gumbs forges the connection between humans and marine life: victims of oppression by humans, but also unified within our communities, and
thriving amidst it all.
Lorde,
A Litany for Survival
:
A poem from the perspective of those
who live lives affected by oppression.
The feeling of living in fear and not being
able to make your own path, only the one
you are limited to. Yet, the necessity of not
backing down, and instead carving that path
and using your voice, because your existence
is already your resistance.
Foucault,
The Incitement to Discourse
:
Definitions and beliefs are created by the discourse
had about them. People in power push these
discourses to control the behaviors of the people,
such as how sex is considered taboo because of the powerful discourse spread by those who considered it to be so.
Economics
Trade of Women
Rubin,
The Traffic in Women
:
Women are treated as commodities and exhanged by men, traded as currency. The oppression of women still stems from this viewpoint, that women's value lies in their ability to be used and exchanged.
Roy,
Foreign Babies, Indian Make
:
India is used as a hotspot for surrogacy because of their cheap prices and minimal legality. Many women participate because they need the money to survive, and they are often exploited.
Creation of family system
Engels,
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
:
The development of private property can be traced back to the reason that the normative nuclear family structure and gender roles exist.
Sex Work
Mac and Smith,
Sex and Work
:
Sex work is seen for some as a means to survive, and should thus not face criminalization for profiting from a market that has always existed.
Berg,
A Scene is Just a Marketing Tool: Hustling in the Gig Economy
:
Rising costs and general economic instability have led to the rise of a "Gig Economy", an economy in which people resort to short-term projects (such as sex work) to make money, but it has it's own risks, and even mirrors the labor conditions of the industrial era.
Zhen,
Economic Revolution and Women’s Revolution
:
The work of women, from domestic labor to sex work, is exploited and devalued, continuing to keep women in a "lower class". A complete economic revolution would also contribute to the feminist revolution by upheaving these norms.
