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AP Phsyics 1 Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
AP Phsyics 1 Concept Map
Unit 2
Newtons Laws Of Motion
1st Law
describes motion when → Forces are Balanced (ΣF = 0)
2nd Law
shows that → Unbalanced Forces cause acceleration
→ mathematically given by → F = m a
→ applied through → Free-Body Diagrams
3rd Law
→ states that → Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force
→ acts between → Different objects (F₁₂ = −F₂₁)
Forces
Gravity
→ acts downward toward → Earth’s center
→ balanced by → Normal Force (Fn) on flat surfaces
Normal Force
→ acts perpendicular to → Surface
→ balances → Weight or part of it on inclines
Friction
→ opposes → Motion
→ includes → Static (Fs ≤ μs N) and Kinetic (Fk = μk N)
Spring Force
→ follows → Hooke’s Law
→ is a → Restoring force
Tension
→ transmits force through → Ropes or strings
→ used in systems like → Atwood’s Machine
Air Resistance
Air Resistance (Fdrag)
→ opposes → Objects moving through air
Applied Force
→ is an external push or pull that creates → Unbalanced Force
Force Diagrams
→ show all forces acting on → One object
→ used to find → Net Force (ΣF)
→ connected to → Newton’s 2nd Law (F = ma)
Balance Vs Unbalanced
Balanced Forces
→ produce → No acceleration (constant velocity)
Unbalanced Forces
→ produce → Acceleration
→ explained by → Newton’s 2nd Law
Inclined Planes
→ involve → Forces acting at angles
→ split weight into → Parallel (mg sinθ) and Perpendicular (mg cosθ) components
→ Normal Force = mg cosθ
→ Friction acts opposite → Parallel motion (mg sinθ)
Systmes Of Forces
→ combine multiple objects connected by → Strings or pulleys
→ use same tension if pulley is ideal
→ apply → Newton’s 2nd Law to each mass
Atwoods Machine
→ is an example of → System of Forces
→ uses → Tension and Gravity
→ acceleration given by → a = (m₁ − m₂)g / (m₁ + m₂)
Applications
→ include → Elevators, ramps, pulleys, springs, friction problems
→ analyzed with → Free-Body Diagrams + F = ma
→ illustrate → All of Newton’s Laws working together