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Chapter 8/9 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8/9
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Population ecology
r-strategists: short lifespans, early onset reproduction, many offspring, no parental care for offspring
k-strategists: long lifespans, older age of first reproduction, fewer offspring, and high parental care
revolutions promoting population growth:
1.neolithic revolution
2.industrial revolution
3.medical revolution
4.green revolution
5.environemental revolution
Projecting populations
Projecting profiles: bar graph depicting age structure of males and females in a population
-use census data to prepare
-high (Sweden) vs, low income (Burkina Faso) nations population profiles are very different
What will happen to the following nations if TFR declines?
1.Sweden is highly developed nation
2.Burkina Faso is one of lowest-income nations
3.Indonesia not well off but has less population growth rate
Burkina Faso is one of lowest-income nations
-Even of TFR drops, population will still increase
-Profile pyramid-shape will widen until declining fertility rates take effect
Indonesia not well off but has less population growth rate
-large population will stabilize earlier
Population momentum- current age structure effect on future populations
-Positive momentum= Burkina Faso or other low-income nations --> increase
-Negative momentum+ throughout Europe and Japan --> decrease
Demographic transition- shift from high birth and death rates to low
-epidemiologic transition: discovery of modern medicine--> death rates have decreased dramatically
fertility transition: reproduction decrease in love income nations
How do countries more quickly through demographic transition?
1.speed up economic development
2.concentration on population policies
Demographic dividend--> dependency ratio
-ratio of nonworking to working age population
-important for low-income countries
what leads to large families?
-more so in poor, low-income countries
what leads to smaller families
-industrialization, urbanization, and development lead to smaller families
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How do we decrease fertility rates?
-economic development alone will not work
-need public policies to move through demographic transition
Many countries are making progress towards economic and social development--> will see an improvement in sustainable development
However...
-there are still a number of issues
-where does progress need to be made?
Human Population
We are far different from any other species on earth:
1.can think and make decisions about lives
2.different life circumstances=different concerns
3.technology has improved well-being
demography: field of collecting, compiling and presenting information about human populations
researchers who study this --> demographers
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