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Chapter 5 Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbances, Chapter 7 - Take…
Chapter 5 Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbances
Yellow Stone fire of 1988
Largest Wildfire in Yellowstone history
Trophic Levels
Secondary
Consumer
Primary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Primary
Producer
Quaternary
Consumer
Aquatic ecosystems pyramid is reversed
Trophic Categories
Producers
Chemotrophs
Autotrophs
Consumers
Heterotrophs
Disturbance:
Succession
Primary
Secondary
aquatic
healthy ecosystem
Resistance
Stability
Resilience
Chapter 7 - Take Home Lecture Tutorial
Ecosystem use
Productive
Consumptive
Protecting ecosystems
Conservation
Preservation
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Common-pool resources
Precautionary principle
Optimal population
How do we manage land and ecosystems
Open access
State ownership
Communal ownership
Private ownership
findings from Global Forest Resource
Assessment
Pests and forest damage
Large role in combatting climate change
13.5% national parks or reserves
Used for production of wood
Deforestation rate 7.3 million HA/yr
Loss in forest cover
Methods and Management
Selective cutting
Clear-cutting (Even)
Shelter-wood cutting
Consequences of deforestation
Biodiversity reduced
Reduction in nutrients and biomass
Productivity reduced
Soil erosion increased
Alters hydrology
CO2
sequestration lost
Aquaculture
Protection by law
National Parks and Wildlife Refuges
Wilderness
Non-federal lands
National Forests
Chapters 8+9: The Human Population & Development Slides
Revolutions promoting population growth
Industrial Revolution
Medical Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
Green Revolution
Environmental Revolution
Demographic Transition
Fertility Transition
Epidemiologic Transition
Replacement-level fertility
2.1 for high income countries
Consequences of Rapid Growth
Intensifying cultivation
Illicit activities
Resource overexploitation
Land ownership by wealthy
Formula for human impact on environment
𝐼 = 𝑃 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ T
Population Momentum
Negative momentum
Positive momentum
Millennium Development Goals
Reduce amount of people living on $1.25/day
Education of more children
Death from measles and other diseases down
AIDS deaths/newly infected declining
More access to safe drinking water
Ch 6 - Wild Species & Biodiversity
Biological Wealth
Intrinsic value
Instrumental value
Biodiversity
Species diversity
Range of communities and ecosystems
Genetic diversity
Biodiversity patterns
caused by
Species/Area
Relationships
Latitudinal gradients
Biotic Factors
Climate Factors
Habitat Destruction Types
Simplification
Fragmentation
Conversion
Intrusion of other species
Reasons for Invasive species
Deliberate
Gradual
Accidental
Pollution Examples
Biological
Pathogens
Parasites
Physical
Sediments
Light
Noise
Thermal
Chemical
Pesticides
Industrial waste
Nutrients