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3 - Security Architectures, Designs and Solution Elements - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A single-core multitasking system is able to juggle more than one task or process at any given time.
      - The CPU keeps switching so quickly that it feels simultaneous.
    - - Multiple core can operate simultaneously
    - - More than one processor to complete the execution of a multi-threaded application
    - - The CPU doesn’t switch unless a program is waiting.
    - - Multiple concurrent tasks to be perform within a single process
  - - - Organize code and components in an OS into concentric rings
      - The deeper inside the circle, the higher the privilege level associated with the code that occupies a specific ring
      - Most modern OS use 4 levels
        
        Ring 0: OS Kernel/Memory
        
        Ring 1: Other OS Components
        
        Ring 2: Drivers, Protocols, etc.
        
        Ring 3: User-level programs and applications
      - Processes in lower-numbered rings can access more resources and interact with the OS more directly
      - The process with the lowest ring number always runs before
    - - 2 modes
        
        Supervisor state (aka Kernel mode)
        
        Problem state (user mode)
        
        Privileges are low
        
        All requests must be check against credentials for authorization before they are granted or denied
        
        If a process consumes its entire time slice, it goes back to the end of the queue
        
        Several states
        
        Ready
        
        Ready to resume or begin processing as soon as it is scheduled for execution; next = running
        
        Running/problem
        
        a process executes on the CPU and keeps going until it finishes its time slice expires or it is blocked for some reasons; next = ready OR waiting
        
        Waiting
        
        a process is waiting for I/O to be serviced before it can continue processing; next = ready
        
        Supervisory
        
        the process must perform an actions that requires privileges that are greater than the problem state's set of privileges, including modifying system configuration, installing device driver, or modifying security setting
        
        Stopped
        
        the process finishes or must be terminated
- - - - An end user can burn in the chip's contents later. Once data is written to a PROM chip, no further changes are possible.
    - - Can burn new information after burning with a special ultraviolet light
  - - - Main volatile memory
    - - Supports the CPU for calculation (e.g. L1,L2,L3 and L4)
  - - - use a register address (e.g. register 1)
    - - Direct integer given to a primary operation (e.g. add 2 to register 1)
    - - The address must be located on the same memory page as the instruction being executed
    - - The memory address supplied to the CPU contains another memory address which indicates where data is stored.
    - - Value stored in one of the CPU's registers or pointers as the base location to begin counting
  - - - Corresponds to memory swapping
- - - - pull the RAM out of the motherboard
  - - - Faraday cage
      - White noise
        
        Broadcast false traffic
      - Control Zone = Faraday cage + white noise
      - Shielding cables