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Behavioral Ecology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - How Water and Mountains Affect Climate?
        
        1)Cool air flows inland from the water, moderating temperatures near the shore. 2) Air that encounters mountains flow upwards, cooler at high altitudes and releases water as rain and snow. 3)Less moisture is left in the in the air reaching the leeward side which therefore has little presentation. This rain shadow can create a desert on the back side of the mountain range.
      - Microclimate: Climate patterns on a very fine scale such as the specific climate conditions underneath a log.
    - - SPRING/ March Equinox: Equator faces the sun directly, neither pole tilts toward the sun , all regions on Earth experience 12 hours of daylight, and 12 hours of darkness.
      - WINTER/ December Solstice: Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the sun and has the shortest day and longest night, southern hemisphere tilts toward sun and has longest day and shortest night.
      - FALL/ September Equinox: Equator faces sun directly, neither pole tilts toward the sun, all regions on Earth experience 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of nighttime.
      - SUMMER/June Solstice: Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the sun and has the longest day and shortest night, southern hemisphere tilts away from the sun and has shortest day and longest night.
  - - - Temperate broadleaf forest: Biome located throughout midlatitude regions where there is sufficient moisture to support the growth of large broadleaf deciduous trees.
      - Northern Coniferous Forest: A terrestrial biome characterized by long cold winters and dominated by cone-bearing trees.
      - Canopy: uppermost layer of vegetation in a terrestrial biome
    - - Disturbance: A natural or human-cause event that changes a biological community and usually removes organisms from it.
    - - Tropical Forest
      - Desert
      - Savannah
      - Chaparral
      - Temperate Grassland
      - Northern Coniferous Forest (Boreal Forest/Taiga)
      - Temperate Broadleaf Forest
      - Tundra
  - - - Photic Zone: Narrow top layer where light penetrates sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur.
      - Aphotic Zone: Beneath photic zone where light does not penetrate sufficiently or photosynthesis to occur.
      - Pelagic Zone: Open-Water Component of aquatic biomes
      - Abyssal Zone: The part of of the ocean's benthic zone
      - Benthic zone: Bottom surface of aquatic experiment
      - Benthos: The communities of organisms living in the benthic zone of an aquatic biome
      - Detritus: Dead Organic Matter
      - Thermocline: A narrow stratum of temperature change in the ocean and in many temperate zone lakes
      - Turnover: The mixing of waters as a result of changing water-temperature profiles in a lake.
    - - Lakes
      - Wetlands
      - Streams and Rivers
      - Estuaries
      - Intertidal Zones
      - Oceanic Pelagic Zone
      - Coral reefs
      - Marine Benthic Zone
  - - - Biotic Factors
        
        Predation and Herbivory
        
        Absence of Pollinators
        
        Food Resources
      - Abiotic Factors
        
        Temperature
        
        Water and Oxygen
        
        Salinity
- - - - Fixed Action Pattern: A sequence of unlearned acts that is essentially unchangeable, and once initiated usually carried to completion.
    - - Signal: Any kind of information sent from one organism to another, our from one place in an organism to another place.
      - Communication: In behavior, a process involving the transmission and reception of signals between organisms. The transfer of information from one cell or molecule to another by means of chemical or physical signals.
        
        Pheromones: Animals that communicate through odors or tastes that emit chemical substances
  - - - Innate Behavior: Animal behavior that is developmentally fixed and under strong genetic control. Exhibited the same from and by all individuals in a population despite internal and external environment differences during development.
      - Learning: The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences
        
        Spatial Learning: The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment's spatial structure
        
        Associative Learning: The acquired ability to associate one environmental feature such as color with another such as danger.
        
        Social Learning: Modification of behavior through the observation of other individuals.
      - Imprinting: In animal behavior, the formation at a specific stage in life, of a long-lasting behavioral response to a specific individual or object. A phenomenon in which an expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
        
        Sensitive Period: A limited phase in an animals development when learning of particular behaviors can take place, also called a critical period.
      - Problem-Solving: The cognitive activity of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of apparent obstacles.
  - - - Optimal foraging model: The basis for analyzing behavior as a compromise between feeding costs and the benefits.
    - - Monogamous: Type of relationship in which only one male mates with exactly one female
      - Polygamous: Referring to a type of relationship in which an individual of one sex mates with several of other sex
      - Mate-Choice Copying: A behavior in which indivduals in a population copy the mate choice of others due to social learning.