Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Council - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Peace w/ France + Spain.
      - Calais → French for 8 yrs or repay 500,000 crowns.
      - England kept dignity; avoided further war.
  - - - Remove French troops → greater border security.
      - Support Protestant cause.
      - Mary, Queen of Scots using English arms = threat to legitimacy.
    - - Dangerous to aid rebels against a monarch.
      - John Knox too radical (Presbyterian).
      - “Trade union of monarchs” (Haigh) – monarchs shouldn’t back rebels.
    - - Elizabeth hesitant (MacCaffrey: “trembled indecisively”).
      - Privy Council & Cecil pushed her to act.
      - Elizabeth agreed → sent troops and ships to Scotland.
      - Outcome: Treaty of Edinburgh (1560):
        
        French and English troops withdrew.
        
        Protestant Lords left in control.
        
        Scottish Reformation – mass abolished, Pope rejected.
        
        Greater security on northern border.
      - Elizabeth hesitant (MacCaffrey: “trembled indecisively”).
      - Elizabeth hesitant (MacCaffrey: “trembled indecisively”).
- - - - 1558: Made Secretary of State – central in home & foreign policy.
      - 1561: Master of the Court of Wards.
      - 1571: Created Lord Burghley.
      - 1572: Lord Treasurer → oversaw finances during Spanish wars.
      - Died 1598, in office.
    - - Built intelligence & propaganda networks.
      - Managed Parliament and Privy Council effectively.
      - Controlled patronage through secretary Michael Hickes.
      - 1560: Intervention in Scotland → secured Protestant Reformation.
      - 1568: Seizure of Spanish treasure ships → asserted England’s right to the gold.
      - Advised on MQS’s death warrant & Netherlands policy.
      - Legacy: “The dynamo which kept government running” (MacCaffrey).
    - - Prudent, hardworking, loyal, cautious.
      - Shared Elizabeth’s moderation (“via media”).
      - Would speak his mind but accepted her final say.
      - Not visionary, but solid and dependable administrator.
      - Avoided excessive ambition (refused earldom).
  - - - MP for Winchester; served as Elizabeth’s unofficial spokesman in Commons.
      - 1590: Took over many duties of Walsingham.
      - 1596: Secretary of State after organising Cadiz expedition (despite Essex’s opposition from distrust)
      - 1599: Master of the Court of Wards; gained lucrative customs duties.
      - 1603: Organised smooth succession of James I
      - Legacy: Continued Burghley’s cautious, pragmatic tradition.
  - - - 1558: MP for Lyme Regis.
      - 1570: Ambassador to France.
      - 1575: Secretary of State (foreign affairs).
      - Master of spy network
        
        Built Europe’s most advanced espionage system developed Cecil systemn → uncovered plots (e.g. Babington Plot).
        
        Advocated war with Spain – more hawkish than Cecil.
        
        Also served as Chancellor of the Order of the Garter and of the Duchy of Lancaster.