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TOK Essay layout - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Visual observation
        
        A blind man’s visual observation are flawed because he is blind, but at the same time, he doesn’t have any visual observation. Visual observation is essential for anyone, but a blind man doesn’t have visual observation. This brings an interesting point in if observation can be flawed when someone doesn’t have observation.
      - How do tools affect observation?
      - What may have existed prior to the observation?
    - - Can discoveries be defined as production of knowledge?
      - Do we ever truly possess knowledge?
    - - Observation being essential as it is the most useful
      - Observation being essential as it is the most accurate
      - Essential to which stakeholders?
        
        Scientists
        
        Observers
        
        Citizens
    - - The process of observation flawed
      - The result of observation flawed
      - The use of observation flawed
      - Is the flaw actually a flaw of the observation or is it a feature?
      - Can aspects that exist prior to the observation that contributes to it being flawed?
    - - Note that the key word is discuss and not explain or others
    - - Difference between knowing facts and knowing how
  - - - Observation
        
        Visual observation in recording knowledge and capturing it
        
        Physical observation such as senses of touch
        
        Observation may be recorded and distributed as photographs or writings to capture observations
      - What are the methods to produce observations and what are the tools that correspond to help producing
    - - Observation may contribute to the world by providing more knowledge and truth to developing technology that benefits everyday life, by either making it more efficient or improving aspects of safety or health
    - - This prompt may value aspects such as accuracy and truth in correspond to using observation as a method of producing knowledge
    - - The details of ‘perspectives’ will be provided for each of the AOK on the left of this diagram
      - Stakeholders that are involved in this prompt
        
        Observers (Scientists, historians who observe and produce knowledge)
        
        The benefiters of the observed results, such as citizens who benefit from a new technology in preventing diseases, which comes from prior observation of experiments
  - - - Within the natural sciences, knowledge is produced by repetition of experiments that lead to similar results. Observation is essential as it is a recoding of the results of experiments
    - - The knowledge that are produced are based upon events that occurred in the past, this means that historians have to produce knowledge purely by observing and creating logical analysis for the evidences present.
    - - Within math, the production of knowledge is usually formed from axioms and then through calculations or logical interpretations. Observation tend not to play as an important role within the production of knowledge in the AOK of math.
- - - - Flawed as the observed may not be accurate due to limited technology, for example, the solid blob model was proposed in 1925 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19868999/) where people assumed that the cell membrane was just made out of lipids and proteins. Nowadays, with the development of technologies such as electron microscopes in advance to light microscopes, people now propose the fluid mosaic model in 1972 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4333397/) which proposes a model of cholesterol, channel proteins, etc.
        
        This relates to the prompt as there are evidences of observation and the first observations made are clearly flawed, yet they were essential to develop the further understandings
      - Reasons for this example
        
        Within the field of biology, observation often plays a crucial role in determining possible knowledges. This example is a typical one where observations are made flawed due to limited developments of technology.
        
        The fluid mosaic model is a part of the IBDP biology syllabus, where I learnt about it in class, along with the other types of proposed models
  - - - The flat earth theory, where people in the past believed that the earth is completely flat, where ships would fall off the edge of the world if they sailed for long enough. This was proven to be flawed after a series of justification involving Eratosthenes calculating the degree of the Sun.
        
        Although the flat earth theory wasn’t one that was the main stream which was accepted, the reasons for why it was flawed was because of limited knowledge and observations. However, the theory was essential to the contribution of the true statement of the earth being round as there were many conflicts and debates that promoted further discoveries.
      - Reasons for this example
        
        The flat earth theory is one that is quite famous amongst false statements in the past within History, this is a theory which is still commonly debated upon even to today
        
        This example is an accurate representation of how people produces flawed knowledge due to limited observation