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Key topic 1 - Coggle Diagram
Key topic 1
Peasants made up 80% of the population in 1894, living in poverty, owning no land.
Nicholas in fear of peasants introduced counter reforms, taking away their freedom.
peasants lost the right to elect people to the zemstvos, the local committee, which was also replaced by Land captains.
Russias urban factory workers made up 4% of the population in 1894. The working class having emerged thanks to Sergei Witte, minister of finance, introducing industrialisation.
Workers were paid better than peasants, however working conditions were worse, death rate was higher amongst workers, leading to strikes and a growth of socialist groups.
In 1903, the middle class formed the league of liberation, led by Pavel Milyukov and Pytor Struve.
Russia's bourgeois made up 1.5% of the population in 1894, and wanted to democratise Russia. The middle class were reformists who wanted a government where elected people made the laws, and one that respected Russia's individual rights.
The league of liberation in 1904 published its programme following its first congress at St Petersburg. They wanted: an End to autocracy, redistribution of land to the peasants.
The league of liberation represented the ideas of urban middle class and people who held elected positions in the peasants local committee, the zemstvo. However the Okhrana would arrest the leading members after the first meeting.
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The russo japanese war was due to Nicholas desire for expansion by invading china, bringing in the japanese and losing.
They faced military defeats from the navy and army, surrendering port arthur in january 1905 as well as losing th baltic fleet in may 1905.
they faced economic defeats, as well as politcal defeats, leading to increase in food prices, and exposing the Tsar to be an incompetent leader.
Bloody sunday occured in january 1905, led by father gapon, protesting with 150,000 people at the winter palace, resulting in a massacre of 200 people, knwon as bloody sunday.
Bloody sunday untied everyone against the Tsar, protesting across Russia and by February 1905, 400,000 workers were on strike.
By summer 1905, peasants were revolting, and authorities lost control of 15% or rural russia.
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The mutiny of the battleship potemkin in june 1905. Sailors rebelled against officers and took control of ships.
In August Nicholas published the August manifesto promoting an established Duma, offering the right to vote.
August manifesto failed to win over liberals so in October 1905, the october manifesto