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Pedro Munoz Period 3 Anatomy & Physiology Muscular System - Coggle…
Pedro Munoz Period 3 Anatomy & Physiology Muscular System
Major functions of the muscular system
heat generation
Stabilize joints
keeping posture
pass substances and rid of toxins
movement of environment
3 types of muscles & their functions
smooth muscle:walls of hollow organs, single cell, spindle shaped,no striations, involuntary control
Skeletal Muscles: attaches to bones and skin, surrounds bones, facilitates movement of body
Cardiac Muscle: walls of heart, striations, intercalated discs, involutary control
Names of all the skeletal muscles
Flexor carpi radialis
External obliques
Pectoralis major
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Pectinus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Bicep Brachii
Palmaris longus
Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Iliopsoas
Orbicularis oris
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Serratus anterior
Zygomaticus
Temporalis
Trapezius
Trapezius
Adductor longus
Tensor fasciae latae
Sternohyoid
Rectus abdominis
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Rectus femoris
Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Iliotibial tract
Sartorius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Deltoid
Extensor carpi radialis
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Infraspinatus
Brachioradialis
Latissimus dorsi
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Occipitalis
Anterior/Superior View
Anterior/Inferior View
Posterior/Superior View
Sternocleidomastoid
Teres major
Trapezius
Rhomboid major
Posterior/Inferior View
Bicep femoris
Fibularis longus
Adductor magnus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Soleus
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Sarcomere
smallest contractile unit (functional unit) of muscle fiber
contains A band with half of an I band at each end
individual sarcomeres align end to end along myofibril, like boxcars of train
the space between z discs
Z discs, thick filaments, thin filaments, M line
Neuromuscular junction
Where the axon terminal, synaptic cleft and motor end plate meet.
axon terminal: Where the AP goes down after the motor neuron signals for movement
synaptic cleft: space between the axon terminal and motor end plate for chemicals to be facilitated
motor end plate: end plate of the muscle where axon terminal connects to
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
thin filaments slide past thick filaments, causing actin and myosin to overlap more
Neither thick nor thin filaments change length, just overlap more
When nervous system stimulates muscle fiber, myosin heads are allowed to bind to
actin, forming cross bridges, which cause sliding (contraction) process to begin
Cross bridge attachments form and break several times, each time pulling thin filaments
a little closer toward center of sarcome in a ratcheting action
Causes shortening of muscle fiber:-Z discs are pulled toward M line,-I bands shorten,-Z discs become closer,-H zones disappear,-A bands move closer to each other
Action potential in a muscle fiber
The signal that the muscle has the potential to move in a muscle fiber, after the motor neuron releases ACH and causes the muscle fiber to depolarize.
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy: muscle weakness and atrophy, genetic disease, mental retardation symptoms, no known cure
Fibromalagia: muscle pain, exact cause is unknown, physical trauma, muscle pain, tendon pain, PT treatment, Massages, meds
Myasthenia Gravis:autoimmune neuromuscular disease that blocks neurotransmitters,muscle weakness,no known cure
Cerebral Palsy: spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness, brain abnormality, delayed dev& muscle tightness, no cure
Myositis: inflammation of muscle, autoimmune disease, weakness, swelling, meds, antibiotics