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Excretion and Secretion - Coggle Diagram
Excretion and Secretion
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Glands/organ
Hypothalamus
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Hormones produced:
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)- stimulates gonadotropin (FSH, LH) production in pituitary
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Pituitary gland- found in front portion of pituitary, located in sphenoid bone behind nasal cavity, below hypothalamus
Hormones produced
Growth hormone- makes you grow, stimulates mitosis (puberty)
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Thyroid- found in front of larynx, top of trachea
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Parathyroid- found on the backside of thyroid, usually have 4 some have 5 or 6
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Pancreas- found underneath stomach, connected to duodenum
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Thymus- located in front of the heart when you're a child, shrivels up when older
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Osmosis- movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from low to high concentration of solute
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Tardigrades
Can live with almost no water. Can survive radiation, space, acid, and bases. Dehydrates itself until water is present. Term- anhydrobiosis
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Nephron pathway
- Proximal tubule- Reabsorption in the proximal tubule is critical for the recapture of ions, water, and valuable nutrients from the huge volume of initial filtrate. Salt is moved out by facilitated diffusion and cotransport mechanisms and water follows. Glucose, amino acids, K+, and other essential substances are also actively or passively transported out of the filtrate. Helps maintain relatively constant pH.
- Descending limb of the Loop of Henle- further reduces filtrate volume by stages of water and salt movement. Numerous water channels formed by aquaporin proteins make the transport epithelium freely permeable to water. No channels for salt and other small solutes. So since outside of tube is salty water moves out of the filtrate.
- Ascending limb of Loop of Henle- Lacks water channels. Since NaCl the solute is highly concentrated by the descending loop, salt moves out of the tubule and helps maintain the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the medulla. This is done by active transport. Filtrate becomes more dilute.
- Distal tubule- Regulates K+ and NaCl concentrations. Regulation involves variation in the amount of K+ secreted into the filtrate as well as the amount of NaCl reabsorbed from the filtrate.
- Collecting duct- Process filtrate into urine and carries it to the renal pelvis. Hormonal control of permeability and transport determines the extent to which the urine becomes concentrated. When the kidneys are conserving water, aquaporin channels in the collecting duct allow water molecules to cross the epithelium. Remains impermeable to salt.